Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP Background Cleaner Production can be achieved in any single, or combination of, the following ways: good housekeeping and operating procedures, materials substitution, technology changes, on-site recycling and product or service redesign. Pollution and risks to human health and safety are reduced at source, rather than the end of the production process, i.e. at the end-of-pipe stage. The adoption of Cleaner Production typically involves improving maintenance practices, upgrading or introducing new technology, changing production processes and modifying management and quality control procedures. Cleaner Production is considered a management tool, as it involves rethinking and reorganizing the way activities are carried out inside an enterprise. For CP to be implemented successfully and sustainably, the concept must have the support of middle and top management; this reinforces its function as a management tool. CP is also an economic tool, because waste is considered a product with negative economic value. Each step to reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy and prevent or reduce the generation of waste, can increase productivity and bring financial benefits to an enterprise. Since CP involves minimizing or eliminating waste before any potential pollutants are created, it can also help reduce the cost of the end-of-pipe treatment that may still, in many cases, be necessary, albeit for lower quantities of emissions. Obviously, CP is an environmental tool, given that it prevents the generation of pollution in the first place. The environmental advantage of Cleaner Production is that it solves the waste problem at its source, while conventional end-of-pipe treatment often simply moves pollutants from one environmental medium to another, the scrubbing of air emissions, for example, generates liquid waste streams, while waste water treatment produces significant quantities of harmful sludge. Finally, the systematic avoidance of waste and pollutants reduces process losses and increases process efficiency and product quality. The continuous attention and focus on the organization and management of activities in an enterprise brings the added benefit of an improvement in the quality of products, and a reduction in the rate of rejects. All in all, Cleaner Production is more cost-effective than pollution control. By minimizing or preventing waste generation, the costs of waste treatment and disposal are reduced. The improved efficiency of processes and better quality control result in economic savings and contribute to enhanced competitiveness. Finally, by reducing emissions, CP protects the environment. This is why it is a win-win situation. PAGE 16
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 1: INTRODUCING CP SLIDE: Basic scheme of a CP project Show the scheme graph (available in the PowerPoint file only) A detailed discussion of the methodology of a CP project falls beyond both the scope of this manual, and the concerns of a seminar on CP policy development. It is, however, useful to show the broad sequence of steps to a non-technical audience. When presenting the slide, it should be pointed out that the continuous improvement loop is at the core of CP methodology. It is also worth mentioning that the scheme with the continuation of CP over time coincides well with the continuous environmental improvement required in the ISO 14001 standard, one of the very reasons why CP and ISO14k are now being applied together more frequently. http://www.unepie.org/pc/cp/understanding_cp/cp_industries.htm SLIDE: Examples of CP opportunities • Material substitution • Good housekeeping • Better process control • Equipment modification • Technology change • On-site recovery and reuse • Production of useful by-products • Product modification This slide lists specific ways in which a given enterprise can implement CP. Without going into technical details, examples of the different options could be presented. It should be noted again that while some options involve costs, others do not, and may even result in significant savings in addition to environmental benefits. http://www.emcentre.com/unepweb/ PAGE 17
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