Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY Consequently, Cleaner Production principles should be integrated into a range of policies, including: • Industrial development policy; • Foreign trade policy/customs policy; • Investment promotion policy; • Fiscal policy and tax regimes; • Environmental policy; • Energy and transport policy; • Agricultural policy; • Education and science and technology policy; • Health policy. EXAMPLE In the February 2000 Resolution on the National Cleaner Production Programme, the Government of the Czech Republic recommended that: “... the Ministers of the Environment, Industry and Trade, Agriculture, Local Development, Defence, Transportation and Communications, the Interior and Education, Youth and Physical Education, the Vice-Chairman of the Government, the Minister of Finance, the 1st Vice-Chairman of the Government, the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs and Minister of Health consistently apply the principles of the National Cleaner Production Programme and introduce them into the activities of the sectors.” Policy integration is no easy task. At the start, it requires a good knowledge of the existing and planned sectoral policies. As sectoral policies often reflect the interests of specific stakeholders, strong leadership must be exercised to ensure that the policies include preventive approaches. Strong leadership—preferably at the highest governmental level—is all the more important given that policy integration is an inter-institutional and intersectoral effort. Broad support for CP is needed to ensure the active participation of various stakeholders. The successful integration of CP into economic and environmental policies can bring multiple benefits by ensuring that policy goals are reached at the least cost, and that the burdens which economic policies impose on the environment are fully accounted for. So far, mainstreaming of CP has become a more common practice in only a handful of countries, but the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and the United States can provide useful examples in this context. PAGE 38
DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY MODULE 2: BASICS OF CP POLICY SLIDE: Typical policies of relevance to CP • Industrial development policy; • Environmental policy; • Foreign trade policy/customs policy; • Investment promotion policy; • Fiscal policy and tax regimes; • Energy and transport policy; • Agricultural policy; • Education and science and technology policy; • Health policy. This slide is a useful demonstration of the range of sectoral and cross-sectoral policies that are relevant to the mainstreaming of CP and policy integration. You may wish to adapt this slide to present the policies in effect in your own country. Background Governments tend to focus on economic growth and more often than not fail to consider CP and pollution prevention as a matter of national policy. On the other hand, protection of the environment and public health, stimulating industrial growth and trade and investment promotion are seen as policy issues with corresponding policy agendas. Cleaner production is perceived not as a policy issue, but rather as a technical solution. Consequently, CP concepts have not as a rule been mainstreamed in public policies related to economic activity, even though there is a wide range of policies where CP could be successfully applied. As far as mainstreaming CP is concerned, sectoral and industrial policies could emphasize full cost pricing for energy and materials use, as well as for the manufacture, use and disposal of all products. Trade and industry policies should seek to achieve the efficient use of energy and materials for all materials processing activities (international best practice). Lastly, industrial policies should include environmental considerations. This integration can be achieved—or at least promoted—by fostering collaboration between environmental agencies, investment promotion agencies, the science and technology community and commercial banks. SLIDE: Insertion points for CP in sectoral policies • Improving efficiency and competitiveness; • Economic development and investment promotion; • Industrial development strategy; • Tax and customs systems; • Financing mechanisms and support schemes. PAGE 39
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DEVELOPMENT OF CP POLICY—APPROACH
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Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies ... - Unido

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