Undercover Armies - CIA FOIA - Central Intelligence Agency

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C05303949 The Agency initially aimed its paramilitary activity in Laos at saving that country from domination by North Vietnam and by Hanoi's own Laotian surrogate, the Pathet Lao. Indeed, the preservation of a noncommunist Laos remained an American objective until the collapse of South Vietnam rendered the question moot in May 1975. But the emphasis changed over time. Until 1964, the main point of contention arose from North Vietnam's failure to withdraw any significant forces from Laos, while US-supported military programs there sought to resist Hanoi's encroachments.D As the United States committed airpower to South Vietnam in 1964, and then ground troops in 1965, American policymakers increasingly saw Laos as a sideshow to the larger struggle between Saigon and Hanoi. In this secondary theater of operations, the antagonists' strategic positions reversed the situation found in Vietnam. In South Vietnam, mobile Viet Cong and North Vietnamese units bedeviled Saigon's road-bound heavy infantry, while in Laos, Hmong irregulars flitted over mountain trails or moved by air to occupy key high ground and to harass Hanoi's tanks and artillery. This reversal of roles also reversed the seasonal alternation of tactical advantage in Laos, The North Vietnamese Army (NVA) advanced during the dry season, usually early November to late May, and gave ground to Hmong operations when the rains washed out the primitive road system.' D --------------- Expanded Hmong forces I I Idefended Hmong terntory In the mountains of the northeast and diverted substantial North Vietnamese forces from South Vietnam. Meanwhile, with the creation of ethnic Lao guerrilla battalions in the Laotian Panhandle, CIA began in 1968 to contest Hanoi's use of Laotian territory as a supply route to South Vietnam and Cambodia·1 I I I The CIA station in Vientiane functioned as the ambassador's executive agent for the conduct of the war. Its role stemmed from reluctance in both I 4 Between t996 and 2000, BjljLairorovided voluminous information, in the Conn of interviews and written notes, on his own articipation in the warin Laos. Subsequent references to this material cite"Bill Lair." 5 The official nameof Hanoi'sarmy is the People's Army of Vietnam, The term was seldom used by US officials during the war, and this volume follows their practice of referring to it as the NVAD SEC {fMR C;;v Tm
C05303949 LaDS: Tho Ground War 1901,,1975 MRI '" . t"
Page 2 and 3: , C05303949 i (b)(1) (b)(3) i UNDER
Page 4 and 5: , : I· C05303949 UNDERCOVER ARMIES
Page 6 and 7: C05303949 MAPS Laos ground war, 196
Page 8 and 9: C05303949 ABBREVIATIONS BG CASI CAT
Page 10 and 11: C05303949 INTRODUCTION The Cork in
Page 14 and 15: C05303949 over covert Laotian opera
Page 16 and 17: ~------- . ~~~---- ---- - C05303949
Page 18 and 19: C05303949 Ii CHI N A T H A I uo. -
Page 20 and 21: C05303949 NO'Wi Laos: ROAD CAPACITI
Page 22 and 23: C05303949 Laos; The iUr War 1964-19
Page 24 and 25: I C05303949 UNDERCOVER ARMIESD
Page 26 and 27: I I C05303949 PROLOGUE Despite a ch
Page 28 and 29: I I CO~303949 Chapter One An early
Page 30 and 31: Chapter One The communists' 1958 vi
Page 32 and 33: I 1, C05303949 EVERYBODY'S PAWND I
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Page 36 and 37: C05303949 EVERYBODY'SPAWND The only
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Page 42 and 43: I C05 1303949 , I,, I I Chapter Two
Page 44 and 45: I I I I I I III Chapter Two The man
Page 46 and 47: C05 303949 Chapter Two Vientiane, i
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Page 52 and 53: Chapter Two At this point, Stu Meth
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CHAPTER THREE Iron Age GuerrillasD
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C05303949 IRON AGE GUERRlUAs[] Toge
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COSl303949 I III IRON AGE GUERRILLA
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I C05 1303949 I I . SE!RET/fMR IRON
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I C05303949 I Target: KongLeD IRONA
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I C05803949 I I ! II IRON AGE GUERR
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ffiONAGEGUERIDUASc=] neutralists ha
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I C05303949 I I I IRONAGE GUERRIUAS
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I C05303949 I IiI I I, I IRONAGE GU
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C051303949 I i I I I IiI I I II I I
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COSl303949 I I III I SEcr- T1fMR IR
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COSb03949 I II i I I fflONAGEGUERmU
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C051303949 I II I I I I I I I I rel
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lexcitedly 1 _ I C05303949 , I IRON
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COSl303949 i I Chapter Four lose bo
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CO~303949 I I I I i Chapter Four Sa
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I I C05303949 I Ii I I I i I Chapte
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I C05303949 I I I I I Chapter Four
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I C05303949 i i I I I II I II I I I
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I C05303949 I I iI I I II I I I I I
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C05303949 I II I I i ! I I II I I I
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I C05303949 i, i I I I ! I Chapter
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C05303949 Chapter Four t'uth III II
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C05303949 Chapter Four Photo fmm un
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I I iCO~303949 , I I I Chapter Four
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I C05303949 I I Chapter Four antico
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C05 303 94 9 Chapte r Five ttelio -
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C05303949 Chapter Five STOL aircrof
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I C05303949 I I Chapter Five No amo
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I C05303949 Chapter Five , I. i I I
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I C05303949 , Chapter Five under th
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I I C05303949 SECrT/fMR Chapter Fiv
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C05303949 Chapter Five There was al
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I C05303949 Chapter Five Beating th
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C053 0 394 9 Chapter F ;\'e Entranc
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C05303949 SECrTlfMR Chapter Five In
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C05303949 Chapter Five .1 of surviv
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C05303949 SECrTlfMR· Chapter Five
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C05303949 Chapter Six The next day,
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C05303949 Chapter Six Ambassador Br
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, . , C05303949 Chapter Six largely
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C05303949 Chapter Six But neither t
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, C05303949 Chapter Six The princes
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C05303949 Chapter Six I . the Hmong
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C05303949 Chapter Six Given the his
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C05303949 Chapter Six Even more to
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C05303949 Chapter Seven In fact, th
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C05303949 . Chapter Seven The 75 da
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1 ';" "'------------------------ C0
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C05303949 Chapter Seven uneasy, and
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C05303949 Chapter Seven Gen. Phasou
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C05303949 Chapter Seven For Yang Pa
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C05303949 Chapter Seven Even if~ do
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C05303949 Chapter Seven I ~dmiral F
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C05303949 Chapter Seven their rule
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C05303949 Chapter Seven Union on th
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C05303949 Chapter Seven of Pines, i
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C05303949 Chapter Seven Hanoi, whil
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C05303949 Chapter Seven on the grou
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C05303949 CHAPTER EIGHT A Limited O
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C05303949 A LIMITED OFFENS/VED bomb
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C05303949 A LIMITED OFFENSIVG . the
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C05303949 A LIMITED OFFENSIVED wing
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C05303949 A ustrtrn OFFENSI\ 'f. te
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C05 30 3 949 A UMITf..D OFFEXSI\ 'E
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C05303949 A LIMITED OFFENSIVED supp
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C05303949 A UMrrEI> OFH.N SI\ 't: I
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C05303949 a good start.I A LIMITED
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C05303949 A LIMITED OFFENSIVO 10. A
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C05 303949 .-\ L/.\fITE[) OFFt:.NS/
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C05303949 CHAPTER NINE Focus on the
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED I
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED T
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLO Ne
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED c
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED C
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED h
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1 Ihad C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHA
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C05303949 SECrTIIMR FOCUS ON THE PA
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED C
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED T
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLE[]
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C05303949 FOCUS ON THE PANHANDLED G
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C05303949 CHAPTER TEN In the Shadow
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF VlETNAMD
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF VIETNAMD
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF WETNAMD
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF VlETNAMD
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF WETNAMD
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C05303949 SEcft.'/lMR Colby was not
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C05303949 IN THE SHADOW OF VlETNAC
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C05303949 TNTHE SHADOW OF VlETNAMD
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C05303949 SEi rrrllMR /,,,/ THE SHA
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C05 303 949 IN THE SIIAI>OU' (JF \
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C05303949 CHAPTER ELEVEN On the Fro
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C05303949 SErT1fMR ON THE PROKIUNE
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C053039 49 ov THE FRO'vTLll\'E IX S
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C05303949 ON TIlE FRONTUNE IN SAAI
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C05303949 SEt T/IMR ON THE FRONTLIN
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1 C05303949 '1"~'ON THE FRONTLINE I
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C05303949 os TIlE FROSTUNf: IN StUI
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C05303949 SEfTllMR ON THE FRONTLINE
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C05303949 SEr TlfM R ON THE FRONTLI
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C05303949 SEcfTllMR abled trucks; t
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C05303949 SE!RETIIMR ON THE FRONTLI
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C05303949 SEr T1fM R ON THE FRONTLI
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C05303949 CHAPTER TwELVE Introducti
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C05303949 SEt T1IMR INTRODUCTION TO
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C05303949 SEr TlfM R INTRODUCTION T
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C05303949 SEcjETlfMR INTRODUCTIONTO
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C05303949 SE7ETlfMR INTRODUCTIONTO
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C05303949 SECfTlfMJI. INTRODUCTION
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C05303949 SEiRET/lMR INTRODUCTIONTO
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C05303949 ~R INTRODUCTIONTO INTERDI
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C05303949 SEt T1fM R INTRODUClION T
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen Adm. U.S
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen' I I Iwe
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C05303949 • Chapter Thirteen said
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen With his
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen "Lamplig
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen Miss.ion
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Ic05303949 Chapter Thirteen als Oua
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen The emph
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C05303949 Chapter Thirteen eral pas
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·C05303949 Chapter Thirteen to man
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C05303949 CHAPTER FOURTEEN A Holdin
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C05303949 A HOLDJNGOPEMnON~ Lair sa
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C05303949 A IIOUJ/NG OPERATlON 'rlm
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATlOND ing
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C05303949 A HOLDINGOPERATIOND. The
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND at h
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C05303949 A HOWING OPERATIOU The tr
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND Defe
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND Hmon
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPliRA11OND The
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND to b
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND scen
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C05303949 A HOLDING OPERATIOND must
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen uJars. If
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen until two
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen Having fa
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen communist
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen Payingfor
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen tions nor
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen Muong Sou
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen I ILarry
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen s 10 X1"
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C05303949 - Chapter Fifteen There w
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen • IlIl
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C05303949 Chapter Fifteen Vcm~ PIlI
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C05303949 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Taking th
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C05303949 SF;hTlfMR TAKING THE WAR
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C05303949 SECrTlfMR TAKINGTHE WARTO
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C05303949 SEr T/fM R TAKING THE WAR
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C05303949 SECfT/lMR TAKING THE WART
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C05303949 SErT/lMR TAKING THE WAR T
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C05303949 SErETlfMR TAKING THE WAR
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C05303949 TAAO/NG THE Ui\ R TO TI l
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C05303949 SEtETIIMR TAKING TIlE WAR
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C05303949 SEfT/lMR TAKING THE WAR T
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C05303949 SE!RETIIMR TAKING THE WAR
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C05303949 SE7ETlfMR TAKING THE WAR
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen FAR and
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen 'I '."I
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen "I r I
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen SEriETl
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen A New S
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen levels,
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen Meanwhi
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen The sta
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen Long Ti
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------------ C05303949 Chapter Seve
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen The moo
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen . Headq
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C05303949 Chapter Seventeen The var
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C05303949 • Chapter Seventeen' Th
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C05303949 Chapte r Seventeen The CO
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C05303949 I Chapter Seventeen ]Defe
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C05303949 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Sting Li
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C05303949 STING LIKEA BEllO Meanwhi
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C05303949 sttno LIKE A BEED Alludin
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C05303949 STING UKE A BEED American
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C05303949 STING LIKEA BEO The Neo L
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C05303949 STING LIKE A BEED the ope
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C05303949 STING UKE A BEG Even the
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen The sess
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" .", I ,----,-------,-_ C05303949
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen _..., ..
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen \ high g
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C0530 3949 Chapter Nineteen rff'?1c
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen Unleashi
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen Nelson's
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C05303 949 Chapter Nineteen - . Oo,
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen Long Tie
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C05303949 Chapter Nineteen Tovar re
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C05303949 , '"'f1l;lbu Pha Sal ....
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty The fate o
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty Vir\\' m-r
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty b,------ J
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty / PHOU •
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty "'Il~_. ..
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty Weakened b
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty a box of f
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty Implicitly
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty ment's pos
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty renewed Hm
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C05 303949 Chapter Twenty I 1 • (
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty ing in Nor
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty .F' . ~ -
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty The Perenn
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C05303949' Chapter Twenty In what h
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty It had bee
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty OPERATION
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty ,.. BAN BU
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty I I had fo
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C05303949 1973-75 The Paris Agreeme
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one repres
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one ____Id
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one Despit
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one compla
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one . Mean
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C05303949 :'1 SEefTIIMR Chapter Twe
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,C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one offer
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one FAR co
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one There
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one ters f
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one politi
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one From i
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one the NV
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C05303949 Chapter Twenty-one sion.]
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C05303949 CHAPTER TwENTY-TWO Going
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C05303949 GOING THE WAY OFVIETNAMD
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C05303949 GOING THE WAY OF VIETNAMD
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C05303949 SEfT/~R GOING THE WAY OF
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C05303949 GOING THE WAYOF VIETNAU T
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C05303949 GOING THE WAYOF WETNAMD B
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C05303949 Chronology July - Geneva
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C05303949 Chronology 1974 5 April -
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C05303949 Appendix The hill tribes
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C05303949 Appendix In September 196
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C05303949 Appendix The recollection
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C05303949 Appendix nearby and heade
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C05303949 SEfRJ!.TIIMR . Appendix T
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C05303949 Appendix .~R transactions
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C05303949 SOURCE NOTE AND SUGGESTED
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C05303949 Lap, Doan Manh and Do Quo
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C05303949 Index narcotics, 540, 542
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C05303949 Index I 117,118,120,121,1
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C05303949 Index guidance to field (
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C'05303949 Index de Silva, Peer, 21
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C05303949 Index effectiveness, 6, 3
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C05303949 Index namese, 133, 183, 1
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C05303949 Index Intelligence Commun
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C05303949 Index as Secretary of Sta
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C05303949 Index operations, 343-345
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C05303949 Index tions,340 Military
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C05303949 Index 192,531 , operation
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C05303949 Index Quane Rathikoun, Ge
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C05303949 Index relations with CIA,
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C05303949 Index . SE!RETIIMR R (all
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C05303949 Index 147,215,216 Sam Neu
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C05303949 Index I and Pathet Lao, 7
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C05303949 Index I 289,307,313 menti
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C05303949 Index (Saigon station), 1
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C05303949 Index 451,455,458,469,485
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C05303949 Index 493,501,508,522,533
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