Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Table C-2 Examples of terminology for describing visual aspects of landscape character Scale Intimate Small Large Vast Enclosure Tight Enclosed Open Expansive Diversity Uniform Simple Diverse Complex Texture Smooth Textured Rough Very rough Form Vertical Sloping Rolling Horizontal Line Straight Angular Curved Sinuous Colour Monochrome Muted Colourful Garish Balance Harmonious Balanced Discordant Chaotic Movement Dead Still Calm Busy Pattern Random Organised Regular Formal Source: Adapted WAPC 2007 Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia - from Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (The Landscape Institute, 1995). Table C-3 Describing landscape character units at each scale of application: Regional, Local and Site Regional Local Site Describe the natural character of national parks, state forest, coastal reserves and areas of partially cleared or little used lands. Describe rural character in terms of broad patterns of land use, tenure and settlement. For built landscapes, focus on broad aspects, such as large-scale natural features including hills, escarpments, rivers and large water bodies; and related large-scale patterns of urban form, regional parkland, transport corridors and ranges of development densities. Describe the natural character of large uncleared reserves, or unique landform. Describe rural character using more detail about types of buildings or stands of remnant vegetation. Describe the natural character of areas of remnant vegetation, individual trees or rock outcrops. Describe rural character using even more specific detail, such as type of fencing or species of wind break vegetation. Source: Adapted from Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia - a manual for evaluation assessment, siting and design, (WAPC 2007) Mapping Landscape Character Units After undertaking a broad analysis and description of the visual landscape character, divide the study area into character units for the purpose of evaluation; and developing strategies to manage and plan for each character unit. Table C-4 assists in the mapping of landscape character units and individual features responsible for the general landscape character of an area. Landscape character maps incorporate character units and prominent individual features and landmarks that contribute to the overall character of an area. In some cases the boundaries of character units may need to be arbitrary (see Figure C-3). This should be noted in the character description. Aerial photographs can form a useful base for mapping Landscape Character Units, especially at a local or site level. Satellite images may assist in regional level assessments. Page 92 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
Table C-4 Mapping of landscape character units at each scale of application: Regional, Local and Site Regional Local Site Established landscape IBRA (Interim Bio-geographic Regionalisation for Australia) datasets (available online), can provide a useful reference in mapping the broad landscape character units that occur, based on the divisions of bioregions and subregions across Australia. Map the three land use categories where applicable: natural, rural, built. The landscape character units mapped at a regional level may be subdivided into smaller units at the local level. Map landscape features such as ridges, creek-lines, wetlands, rural hamlets and prominent individual buildings superimposed on landscape character units. Units from the local level should be further subdivided for application to individual sites. Map specific individual landscape features such as tree stands, heath and scrub, small water bodies, rock outcrops and varied vegetation species. Note that at a site level character units may not be needed and/or appropriate. Description and determination of individual features may be adequate for mapping at a site level. Source: Adapted from Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia - a manual for evaluation assessment, siting and design (WAPC 2007) Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 93
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
Page 51 and 52: The Standard should form the basis
Page 53 and 54: Stage and methodology Construction
Page 55 and 56: Other noise-sensitive uses such as
Page 57 and 58: Table B-2 Existing state and territ
Page 59 and 60: Establish background noise monitori
Page 61 and 62: As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
Page 63 and 64: predicted levels are significantly
Page 65 and 66: Prepare expert evidence (as require
Page 67 and 68: Undertake unattended monitoring to
Page 69 and 70: assessment of wind farm noise emiss
Page 71 and 72: B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
Page 73 and 74: If a significant amount of time has
Page 75 and 76: B.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
Page 87 and 88: • State Relevant State herita
Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
Page 91 and 92: • Identifying and describing (in
Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
Page 95 and 96: C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
Page 99 and 100: the implementation of agreed change
Page 101: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 105 and 106: C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
Page 107 and 108: Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111 and 112: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
Page 113 and 114: Figure C-6 Example of photomontages
Page 115 and 116: communicate broad-scale ideas and p
Page 117 and 118: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 119 and 120: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
Page 136 and 137: wind farms. Such data from existing
Page 138 and 139: considered acceptable, undesirable,
Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
Page 146 and 147: in the absence of any turbine colli
Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
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Department of Primary Industries, W
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Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
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E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
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• The use of recreational facilit
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• The method is inherently linked
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Table E-1 Recommended exposure limi
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E.4.4 Construction Assessment of th
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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