Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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• Photographs to be used in a stitched panorama should be taken with a 1/3 overlap. • The date, time of day and weather conditions such as shadows, glare, reflections and colour intensity should be noted, as they can influence visual qualities. Optimal or typical weather conditions are preferable. • Identifiable reference points should be included in the image to enable accurate positioning of overlays depicting a proposed development. Create a Photomontage Once photographs covering views to the site from key vantage points have been taken and recorded, and computer software has been used to model the site in 3D (see 3D Computer Modelling Practice Note, Section C.7.4), a photomontage image can be produced. In creating a photomontage: • Individual photographs should be linked to virtual cameras in your modelling package, and aligned such that the panorama is correct. Check that the position of contextual elements such as buildings, vegetation and roads in photographs lines up with the corresponding 3D model elements. If these do not line up, that is an indication something has gone wrong with either your model or your on-site photography recordings. • Depictions should not exceed 124º horizontal field of view or 55º vertical primary field of view. • Photomontages should include both before and after depictions to provide a useful comparison. Using photo merging software with both “before” and “after” photos (on separate layers) can then be set up, making it easy to produce before/after images that align accurately. This technique also allows for the efficient reproduction of depictions if the layout of wind turbines in the 3D model were to change. • It is important to illustrate all components of a wind farm development including ancillary elements that may include fencing, powerlines, other utilities, roads, structures, vegetation removal, drainage works and all planting as much as possible. • The depth of colour of proposed objects needs to be accurately depicted, taking into account the weather and time of day. Consideration should be given to depicting the development in a variety of weather and atmospheric situations, including a ‘worst case’ or ‘most visible’ scenario (information about the likely frequency or occurrence of a particular scenario should be provided). • All technical detail of photomontage construction needs to be documented. What are the limitations of this technique Photomontages are a very valuable tool to help people visualise a proposed development. However, whilst they can be produced accurately to a specified method, they should always be considered a representation of the views of the wind farm. To maximise accuracy effectiveness, the method of photomontage production should portray true scale, perspective, observer position, angle of view, colour, texture, angle of the sun and distance from the observer. Depictions are taken from a prescribed viewing location. This often presents limitations as it does not allow stakeholders to see the view from a specific location that may be of interest to them. Photomontages do not give the viewer any indication of how the layout/ design or the proposed development evolved, and often appear ‘final’ to the general public. C.7.6 3D Simulation A 3D simulation is a dynamic “fly-through” of a 3D model of a site. At one end of the spectrum are diagrammatic animations, which are low on detail, and used to Page 104 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
communicate broad-scale ideas and planning issues. At the other end of the spectrum is the photorealistic animation, depicting every feature of a landscape, including all vegetation, buildings, and sometimes even residents. There are an unlimited number of ways to represent information using a simulation. It must be noted that many 'fly-throughs' are at aerial level, which misrepresents the wind farm, as people do not 'fly-through' a wind farm. If 'fly-through' software is used, they should be produced showing ground level simulations of the landscape and development to be realistic. What is a 3D Simulation used for 3D simulations allow for a greater level of immersion within a simulated environment. They are generally used for media events, CD send-outs or web-based communication initiatives. How do I go about it Using the 3D computer model, create an animated camera path in your modelling package, and then render it to an animation. What are the limitations of this technique Producing a simulation can be overly time consuming and expensive. Each simulation is pre-rendered and cannot be changed without re-rendering the entire model. This can be problematic when the design is constantly changing as rendering is very time consuming. Animations work along a prescribed camera path. This often presents limitations as it does not allow stakeholders to ‘fly to’ and view specific areas that may be of interest to them. Also fly-throughs mostly are represented at an aerial view which is unrealistic. They should be represented at ground level to have the most realistic effect. C.7.7 Virtual Reality (VR) Modelling What is Virtual Reality (VR) Modelling Virtual reality (VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a virtual 3-dimensional environment through the use of standard computer input devices such as a keyboard and mouse. What is Virtual Reality (VR) Modelling used for Virtual Reality Modelling is used to provide an accurate real-time 3D environment of a site and its surrounding context. The simulated environment can give a highly realistic and accurate picture of a development proposal from any location the user chooses to be in; allowing very precise assessments of the visual impact of changes to the existing environment. Virtual reality modelling is ideal for communicating spatial issues to large numbers of people and facilitating a meaningful discussion with complete control over viewing angles and areas of interest. How do I go about it Use the 3D computer model to build it up to an advanced level of representation. Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 105
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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Page 69 and 70: assessment of wind farm noise emiss
Page 71 and 72: B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
Page 73 and 74: If a significant amount of time has
Page 75 and 76: B.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
Page 87 and 88: • State Relevant State herita
Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
Page 91 and 92: • Identifying and describing (in
Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
Page 95 and 96: C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
Page 99 and 100: the implementation of agreed change
Page 101 and 102: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 103 and 104: Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
Page 105 and 106: C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
Page 107 and 108: Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111 and 112: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
Page 113: Figure C-6 Example of photomontages
Page 117 and 118: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 119 and 120: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
Page 136 and 137: wind farms. Such data from existing
Page 138 and 139: considered acceptable, undesirable,
Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
Page 146 and 147: in the absence of any turbine colli
Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
Page 152 and 153: Department of Primary Industries, W
Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
Page 161 and 162: • The method is inherently linked
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E.4.4 Construction Assessment of th
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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