Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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What are the limitations of this technique It is currently very difficult to create a high-fidelity virtual reality experience, due largely to technical limitations on processing power, image resolution and communication bandwidth. Producing a VR Model can be overly time consuming and expensive. However, those limitations are expected to eventually be overcome as processor, imaging and data communication technologies become more powerful and cost-effective over time. C.7.8 Cumulative impact mapping What is Cumulative Impact Mapping Cumulative effects are those which occur, or may occur, as a result of more than one large scale infrastructure project located within a particular area or region. The degree of cumulative impact is a product of the number of and distance between individual wind farms, the inter-relationship between their associated viewshed (or ZVI), the overall character of the landscape and its sensitivity to wind farms, and the siting and design of the wind farms themselves. What is Cumulative Impact Mapping used for Cumulative impact mapping is used to illustrate (in 2-Dimensional form) the summation of possible visual overlap that may occur as a result of the proposed wind farm development in combination with other developments (associated with or separate to it), or with actions that occurred in the past, present or are likely to occur in the foreseeable future. Mapping possible cumulative impact is usually undertaken at an early stage of a landscape and visual assessment to determine where problem areas may occur (i.e. where large scale infrastructures have the potential to become the dominant or defining visual characteristic of the landscape), consequently resulting in a loss of landscape character and diversity. How do I go about it Illustrating the base cumulative impact Identify, record and map other wind farms, major infrastructure and/or large scale developments (including projects that have been approved but not yet built, or that are being developed in parallel with the wind farm) in the study area or wider region, as identified in the Preliminary landscape and visual assessment (Identification of possible cumulative impacts, page 80). A table such as the one below should be used to record multiple wind farm developments (if applicable). Using circle distance cones of 3km, 6km and 12km radii, illustrate the potential visual impact of each of the identified infrastructures/ developments. • 12 km = Low visual impact Depending on surrounding context, alternative distance cones can be mapped. The table below can be used to help determine the appropriate measurements based on the likely visual impact of a wind turbine. Page 106 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms Location Status Height (to rotor tip) No. of turbines Bald Hills Dollar Toora Approved / Planning phase, constructed, pre feasibility stage etc. 106m 52 Table C-6 Determining the likely Visual Impact of a wind turbine Distance from an observer to a 100m high wind turbine >12km 6-12km Likely Visual Impact Visually Insignificant A very small element in the viewshed, which is difficult to discern and will be invisible in some lighting or weather circumstances. Rotor blade movement can often be seen on a clear day. Potentially noticeable but will not dominate the landscape The degree of visual intrusion will depend on the landscape sensitivity and the sensitivity of the viewer, however the wind turbines do not dominate the landscape. 2.5-6 km Potentially noticeable and can dominate the landscape The degree of visual intrusion will depend on the landscape sensitivity and the sensitivity of the viewer. 1-2.5 km Highly visible and will usually dominate the landscape The degree of visual intrusion will depend on the wind turbine placement within the landscape and factors such as foreground screening.
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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predicted levels are significantly
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Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
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Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
Page 91 and 92: • Identifying and describing (in
Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
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Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
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Page 101 and 102: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 103 and 104: Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
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Page 107 and 108: Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111 and 112: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
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Page 115: communicate broad-scale ideas and p
Page 119 and 120: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
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Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
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Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
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Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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