Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Licensed radiocommunications services The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is a government agency responsible for the regulation of broadcasting, the internet, radiocommunications and telecommunications. ACMA's responsibilities include managing access to the radiofrequency spectrum. It is also responsible for compliance with licensing requirements and investigating complaints of interference to services. There are three types of radiocommunications licences — apparatus licences, class licences and spectrum licences. An apparatus licence typically includes stations operating in the Outpost, Amateur, Broadcasting, Maritime, Aircraft and Land Mobile services bands. Licence fees are payable for the operation of equipment under an apparatus licence, and individual licences are issued for authorisation. Class licences allow anyone to operate particular radiocommunications equipment provided that the operation and the device meet the conditions of the licence. Class licences do not have to be applied for and no licence fees are payable. Examples include citizen band radios, mobile phone handsets, cordless telephones and a range of other low power devices such as remote controlled garage door openers. Spectrum licensing is a form of licensing introduced in Australia by the Radiocommunications Act 1992. Spectrum licences are a tradeable, technology neutral spectrum access right for a fixed non-renewable term. Instead of authorising the use of a specific device, spectrum licences authorise the use of spectrum space and give licensees the freedom to deploy any device from any site within their spectrum space, provided that the device is compatible with the core conditions of the licence and the technical framework for the bands. Generally speaking all radiocommunications transmitters must be licensed. The only exceptions relate to emergency situations. ACMA maintains a Register of Radiocommunications Licences that lists most licensed radiocommunications services in Australia. Some services are not listed, for example, radiocommunications devices used under a class licence such as mobile phones are not listed as the operation of these individual devices is unknown to ACMA. Users of such devices would need to come forward at the community consultation stage. Summary In summary, the various types of radiocommunications services have different interference mechanisms, and they may require different mitigation measures where potential issues are identified. F.2.3 Issues not addressed in the Guidelines Transmission line electromagnetic field effects The electrical power collection system (‘transmission lines’) within wind farms and any external connection to the power grid need to be considered as part of the development and approvals process; however, these requirements are not unique to wind farms. The transmission of electricity via underground or overhead powerlines is required between any generation source and the users of the electricity generated. It is acknowledged that wind farms generally require an array of power distribution cables over a large area, which is considered somewhat unique. Transmission line effects on electromagnetic interference (e.g. radio signal strength) or health (human or animal) are considered to be negligible if the internal collection system and the external connection from the wind farm to the power grid are located in accordance with contemporary best practice. For both reasons above, the electromagnetic field effects of wind farm transmission lines has not be covered in these Guidelines. The developer is encouraged to apply the same Page 168 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
design principles used by the local power distribution authority and work with them to resolve any issues. F.2.4 Related documents and standards The following documents have been considered in development of these Guidelines: • Australian Standard AS/NZS 2344:1997 Limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead a.c. powerlines and high voltage equipment installations in the frequency range 0.15 to 1000 MHz. • Australian Standard AS/NZS 4251.2: 1999 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic emission standard - Industrial environments. • Auswind 2004. The Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Field Implications for Wind Farming in Australia. Australian Wind Energy Association. • Auswind 2006 Best Practice Guidelines for Implementation of Wind Energy Projects in Australia. Australian Wind Energy Association. • Bacon, D.F. 2002. A Proposed Method for Establishing an Exclusion Zone around a Terrestrial Fixed Link outside of which a Wind Turbine will cause Negligible Degradation of the Radio Link, Ofcom Uk Report Ver 1.1 • CAP 764 – CAA Policy and Guidance on Wind Turbines, Second Edition. UK Civil Aviation Authority, February 2009. • DPIWE 2004. General Guidelines for the Preparation of a Development Proposal and Environmental Management Plan for Wind Energy Projects. Department of Primary Industry, Water and Environment, Tasmania. • Greving, G., and Malkomes, M. 2008. Weather Radar and Wind Turbines – Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Shadowing Effects and Mitigation Concepts. Fifth European Conference on Radar in Meteorology and Hydrology (ERAD 2008), Helsinki, Finland. • IEC 2007. IEC 61400-25 Ed 1.0 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants. International Electrotechnical Commission. • IWEA 2008. Best Practice Guidelines for the Irish Wind Energy Industry. Irish Wind Energy Association. • NOAA (undated) How the ROC analyzes wind turbine siting proposals. Radar Operations Centre, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States. http://www.roc.noaa.gov/windfarm/how_ROC_analyses_proposals.asp • ODDRE 2006. The effect of windmill farms on military readiness. Report by the Office of the Director of Defence Research and Engineering to the Congressional Defense Committees. • OFCOM (2009) Tall structures and their impact on broadcast and other wireless services. http://www.ofcom.org.uk/radiocomms/ifi/licensing/classes/fixed/Windfarms/tall_struc tures/tall_structures.pdf • Poupart, G.J 2003. Wind farms impacts on radar aviation interests – final report. FES W/14/00614/00/REP, DTI Pub URN 03/1294. Report by QinetiQ to the UK Department of Trade and Industry. • Policy and Planning Guidelines for the Development of Wind Energy Facilities in Victoria, 2009 • WAPC 2004. Guidelines for Wind Farm Development Planning Bulletin 67. Western Australian Planning Commission. Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 169
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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predicted levels are significantly
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Prepare expert evidence (as require
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Undertake unattended monitoring to
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assessment of wind farm noise emiss
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B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
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If a significant amount of time has
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B.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The HGC Engineering report 10 also
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C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
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• Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
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C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
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C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
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• State Relevant State herita
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The preliminary landscape character
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• Identifying and describing (in
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Advanced photomontages should also
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C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
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C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
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the implementation of agreed change
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Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
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Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
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C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
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Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
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information available for other sit
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Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
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Figure C-6 Example of photomontages
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communicate broad-scale ideas and p
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Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
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C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
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Viewpoint The point from which a vi
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D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
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All of the above is generally appli
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Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
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Page 138 and 139: considered acceptable, undesirable,
Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
Page 146 and 147: in the absence of any turbine colli
Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
Page 152 and 153: Department of Primary Industries, W
Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
Page 161 and 162: • The method is inherently linked
Page 163 and 164: Table E-1 Recommended exposure limi
Page 165 and 166: E.4.4 Construction Assessment of th
Page 167 and 168: E.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 169 and 170: Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
Page 171 and 172: common practice varies between one
Page 173: as the actual limit, rather than th
Page 176 and 177: likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
Page 180 and 181: Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
Page 182 and 183: F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
Page 184 and 185: Expected timeframe for evaluation r
Page 186 and 187: The near field zone can be calculat
Page 188 and 189: Develop mitigation strategy As a st
Page 190 and 191: aseline RF survey which involves th
Page 193 and 194: G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
Page 195 and 196: Project Sub-stages Activities to be
Page 197 and 198: Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
Page 199 and 200: Planning application (PA2) The plan
Page 201 and 202: Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
Page 203 and 204: Environmental Management Plans Issu
Page 205 and 206: Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
Page 207 and 208: Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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