Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Stage and methodology Complaints handling Operations Post-construction shadow flicker monitoring Tasks Prepare complaints handling procedures for operation stage Continue community consultation Subject to community complaints, arrange for independent modelling for verification purposes Task methodology location Undertake attended monitoring if required Page 155 Implement mitigation measures if required Decommissioning - - - E.4 Stage and Task methodologies E.4.1 Site Selection There are no shadow flicker impact assessment requirements in this stage. Developers may choose to use .rules of thumb. in selecting sites likely to comply with the requirements under Section E.4.3; however, the nature of these will depend on the developer’s risk profile and the area under investigation and so are not included here. E.4.2 Project Feasibility A developer may choose to undertake assessment as per Section E.4.3; however, shadow flicker is not normally an issue affecting project feasibility. Adhering to the section of these guidelines on noise assessment in the project feasibility phase is likely to eliminate any project feasibility issues associated with shadow flicker. This is because the distance required for turbine noise to dissipate to an acceptable level is, for most conventional turbines, roughly equivalent to the distance required for shadow flicker intensity to diminish to an acceptable level. This coincidence has relatively little dependence on site conditions. Any non-compliance issues can generally be addressed through micro-siting or mitigations in the planning application phase (Section E.4.3) E.4.3 Planning Application Assessment of proposed layout The optimum method of assessment is as follows: • Determine the extent of shadows from turbines being a distance of 265 x maximum blade chord (no assessment is required for residences beyond this distance). Section E.7.2 provides the basis for this limit. • Identify all residences within the extent of shadows from proposed turbine positions. • Use modelling software with relevant modelling parameters, as identified below, to calculate the theoretical annual shadow flicker duration at each residence, accounting for topography and cumulative effects (see Section E.5.1). • If necessary, modify turbine layout and repeat calculations, or introduce mitigation measures (described below), to achieve compliance with the specified limits in Table E-1. • Depending on jurisdictions, shadow flicker assessment may not be required for participating landowners. Page 152 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
Table E-1 Recommended exposure limits Impact Measure Assessment procedure Acceptable Level Annoyance Hours / year (hr/yr) Modelled* Measured* 30 hours / year modelled 10 hours / year actual * Calculation of shadow flicker in an ideal model (with the assumptions specified here) will provide a conservative estimate of the actual shadow flicker. In most circumstances where a dwelling experiences a ‘Modelled’ level of shadow flicker less than 30 hours per year, no further investigation is required. However, if this level is exceeded in the modelled scenario, mitigation measures may be introduced and the ‘actual’ or ‘measured’ level of shadow flicker will need to be determined. The modelling approach includes a number of assumptions and, as such, the ‘Modelled’ exposure limit is set higher to account for these conservatisms. The assumptions used in the modelling approach should produce an outcome equivalent to 10 hours per year actual exposure. Modelling software Appropriately validated modelling software will need to be used as part of this assessment. For post construction testing, a detailed assessment by an independent consultant is recommended as per Section E.4.5. Sensitivity Shadow flicker duration can be very sensitive to location, varying by up to approximately 0.8 hours per metre of horizontal displacement. Thus in an extreme case, one end of a house may experience no shadow flicker while the other end may exceed the limit. For this reason, the assessment method requires reporting of the maximum value of shadow flicker duration within 50 m of the centre of a dwelling. This addresses a range of other sensitivity considerations such as the offset between rotor and towers, and some minor inaccuracies in the modelling equations, as well as annual variation in shadow flicker. Topographical variations will also need to be considered. It does not, however, address the variation that may be possible due to micrositing. This requires separate reassessment prior to construction, as detailed in Section E.4.4. Recommended modelling assumptions Table E-2 summarises the assumptions or settings recommended for use in modelling shadow flicker. The basis for these assumptions is described in Section E.7.2. These sections are for information only and do not include information necessary to complete an assessment. Means of mitigating modelled estimates The mitigation measures identified in Table E-3 may be used to reduce the modelled exposure to shadow flicker. No other mitigations are noted at this time: Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 153
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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predicted levels are significantly
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Prepare expert evidence (as require
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Undertake unattended monitoring to
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assessment of wind farm noise emiss
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B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
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If a significant amount of time has
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B.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The HGC Engineering report 10 also
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C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
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• Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
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C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
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C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
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• State Relevant State herita
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The preliminary landscape character
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• Identifying and describing (in
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Advanced photomontages should also
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C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
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C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
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the implementation of agreed change
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Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
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Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
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C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
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Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
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information available for other sit
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Page 117 and 118: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 119 and 120: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
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Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
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Page 146 and 147: in the absence of any turbine colli
Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
Page 152 and 153: Department of Primary Industries, W
Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
Page 161: • The method is inherently linked
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Page 167 and 168: E.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 169 and 170: Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
Page 171 and 172: common practice varies between one
Page 173: as the actual limit, rather than th
Page 176 and 177: likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Page 182 and 183: F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
Page 184 and 185: Expected timeframe for evaluation r
Page 186 and 187: The near field zone can be calculat
Page 188 and 189: Develop mitigation strategy As a st
Page 190 and 191: aseline RF survey which involves th
Page 193 and 194: G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
Page 195 and 196: Project Sub-stages Activities to be
Page 197 and 198: Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
Page 199 and 200: Planning application (PA2) The plan
Page 201 and 202: Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
Page 203 and 204: Environmental Management Plans Issu
Page 205 and 206: Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
Page 207 and 208: Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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