Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Figure C-5 Hypothetical viewshed from a road, comprising combined viewsheds from viewpoints at regular intervals along the road. Source: Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia - a manual for evaluation assessment, siting and design, (WAPC 2007) How do I go about it Producing a Viewshed Map The surface generated in the 3D computer model is used to generate individual viewshed maps for each origin or key vantage point towards the proposed wind farm alignment at strategic points on the wind turbine (i.e. top of hub, tip of blades, etc). Producing a Composite Viewshed Map Amalgamate a series of viewsheds from individual points at regular intervals along a specified route to achieve a composite viewshed map. Note that the interval used on a route through flat terrain should be greater than that used for undulating terrain (e.g. every kilometre versus every 100 m), and the scale of analysis should also be taken into account. What are the limitations of this technique Viewshed maps are often based only on landform alone and do not take into account elements of the landscape including vegetation, built form and other ancillary infrastructure. The concept of a viewshed map and what it is showing is often very hard to explain to laypeople and the general public. C.7.5 Photomontage What is a Photomontage Photomontage is the process of making a composite image by combining elements of real imagery and 3D digitalisation (see Figure C-6). Page 102 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
Figure C-6 Example of photomontages Source: ASPECT Studios and ERM, 2007 What is a Photomontage used for The primary purpose of a photomontage is to accurately portray a proposed activity, modification or change in the viewed landscape. Photomontages are useful when assessing proposals that produce changes to the visual landscape, by providing realistic ‘before and after’ depictions. Photomontages assist in visualising the potential impacts a proposed development could have on an area from an array of viewpoints that have been recorded digitally. They can also be used to illustrate projections of how a development will appear over time; growth of vegetation screening for example. Static images such as photomontages are best for printed media and some web delivery situations. How do I go about it Photograph the site In photographing the site, consideration should be given to: • Photos covering view to the site should be taken from key vantage points from which the proposed development will be most visible. Photo points for photomontages can also be selected in consultation with the relevant planning authority and ideally in consultation with the local community. • Photos should be taken from a normal human viewing height, for example, from eye level on a road or roadside rather than from the top of roadside banks or from the roof of a vehicle. The exact location and height should be mapped and documented using a GPS device where possible. The camera should be mounted onto a tripod which has been leveled so that as the camera swings around, the horizon remains flat in each image. This is fundamental to achieving an accurate simulation. • To best represent the view seen by the human eye, panoramic views should be a combination of photographs, taken with a long focal length rather than with a wide angle lens. Most landscape professionals have their own camera specifications and equipment, however if specifications are needed, there is a considered standard practice of SLR camera with 50mm lens or digital equivalent. • The focal length (or degree of zoom/wide angle) should be recorded for each photograph. In most cases, the focal length should remain exactly the same for each image of a panorama. Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 103
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
Page 61 and 62: As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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Page 65 and 66: Prepare expert evidence (as require
Page 67 and 68: Undertake unattended monitoring to
Page 69 and 70: assessment of wind farm noise emiss
Page 71 and 72: B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
Page 73 and 74: If a significant amount of time has
Page 75 and 76: B.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
Page 87 and 88: • State Relevant State herita
Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
Page 91 and 92: • Identifying and describing (in
Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
Page 95 and 96: C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
Page 99 and 100: the implementation of agreed change
Page 101 and 102: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 103 and 104: Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
Page 105 and 106: C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
Page 107 and 108: Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
Page 115 and 116: communicate broad-scale ideas and p
Page 117 and 118: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 119 and 120: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
Page 136 and 137: wind farms. Such data from existing
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Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
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Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
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Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
Page 161 and 162: • The method is inherently linked
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Table E-1 Recommended exposure limi
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E.4.4 Construction Assessment of th
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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