Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Using the map as a guide, identify and note the distances and areas of visual overlap using a table similar to the one below. Where there is an overlap, the developments are, in theory, inter-visible at the relevant distances- thus a cumulative impact may be generated. Table C-7 Identifying areas of visual overlap Viewshed radius Wind farms (or major infrastructures) Visual overlap (distance) Visual overlap (Area) 6km Wind farms 1 & 2 X km X sq km Wind farms 3 & 4 X km X sq km 12km Wind farms 1 & 2 X km X sq km Wind farms 3 & 4 X km X sq km Determine whether the cumulative visual effect of all wind farms, major infrastructure and/or large scale developments in the area would combine to become the strongest characterising influence, such that a new or more general landscape character would be formed. It is important to remember that cumulative impacts can arise in the following ways: • In combination – as a result the occurrence of multiple wind farms or similar scaled infrastructure/developments visible from the one ‘static’ location. • In succession- the sequential or ‘dynamic’ visibility; fundamentally experienced as a traveller moving through the landscape. Particularly important for tourist and scenic routes where a one view spot analysis is not adequate. • Perceived- the reoccurrence of wind farms or similar scaled infrastructure/developments within a particular region that results in a changed perception of the overall landscape character; irrespective of whether all wind farms/developments are sited in a single viewshed. What are the limitations of this technique Mapping the base cumulative impact is used primarily as an indicative technique during the preliminary stages of the landscape and visual assessment process. This 2-Dimensional method is useful in determining where potential cumulative impacts may occur. It does not draw firm conclusions on the overall cumulative impact of a wind farm proposal. Determining the overall cumulative impact requires further judgement and verification, using techniques such as composite viewshed mapping, 3D computer modelling and 3D Simulation (or animation). Page 108 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australian Wind Energy Association (Auswind, currently Clean Energy Council) Community Wind energy industry association. Currently known as Clean Energy Council, following an amalgamation of the Australian Wind Energy Association and the Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy. A group with shared culture, beliefs, traditions, ethnicity, activity, experiences or locality. Consultation generally occurs with ‘communities’ (plural), as multiple values (and groups) exist and these often overlap. Where necessary, the term ‘local community’ is used to specifically refer to people who inhabit (live or work) in a locality (that is the community of a town or rural area) and similarly regional community, state-wide community, Australian community. Community values Consent authority Consultant Cumulative effects Cumulative impact Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Community values comprise the values that residents as well as various interest groups and stakeholders, place upon their environment and surrounds. The government department or agency (Commonwealth, State or local) responsible for considering and approving or rejecting an application for development of a proposed wind farm. A suitably qualified practitioner engaged by the wind farm proponent for the purposes of completing assessment of the value of landscapes and the potential impacts upon these, under these Guidelines. The Tasks listed in these Guidelines are allocated to ‘the proponent’, even though in many instances it may be carried out by a professional consultant. The summation of effects that result from changes caused in conjunction with other past, present or reasonably foreseeable actions. Cumulative landscape and visual effects result from additional changes to the landscape or visual amenity caused by the proposed development in conjunction with other developments (associated with or separate to it), or actions that occurred in the past, present or are likely to occur in the foreseeable future. They may also affect the way in which the landscape is experienced. The evaluation of the effects on the environment of particular development proposals. Geographical Information Computerised database of geographical information. System (GIS) Indigenous community Indirect impacts Indigenous people holding traditional, historical or contemporary associations with a locality or landscape. An Indigenous community may include formal Indigenous organisations, family groups and individuals. In these Guidelines, reference to communities and stakeholders is interpreted to include Indigenous communities who may or do hold values of the landscape. Particular approaches may need to be considered in seeking to understand values held by Indigenous communities. Impacts on the environment, which are not a direct result of the development but are often produced away from it or as a result of a complex pathway. Sometimes referred to as secondary impacts. Landscape Landscape Assessment The physical environment as perceived by people. An area made up of a distinct association of forms, both natural and cultural. The sum total of the characteristics that distinguish a certain area of the land's surface from the other areas. These characteristics are a result not only of natural forces, but also of human occupancy and the use of land, that changes over time. Is the process of assessing the character and features of areas of land, usually with reference to an agreed set of criteria based primarily on community preferences. It also is an overarching term for the description, classification and analysis of landscape. Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 109
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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predicted levels are significantly
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Prepare expert evidence (as require
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Page 73 and 74: If a significant amount of time has
Page 75 and 76: B.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
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Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
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Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
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Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
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Page 101 and 102: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 103 and 104: Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
Page 105 and 106: C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
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Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111 and 112: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
Page 113 and 114: Figure C-6 Example of photomontages
Page 115 and 116: communicate broad-scale ideas and p
Page 117: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 121: Viewpoint The point from which a vi
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
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Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
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Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
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Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
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Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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