Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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Landscape capacity Landscape character Landscape character types Landscape character units Landscape features, characteristics or elements Landscape impacts Landscape sensitivity Landscape values Management and mitigation Proponent Scenic quality Significance Stakeholder Study area Subject land Surrounding area The degree to which a particular landscape character type or area is able to accommodate change without unacceptable adverse effects on its character. Capacity is likely to vary according to the type and nature of change being proposed. Landscape character is the interplay of geology, topography, vegetation, water bodies and other natural features, combined with the effects of land use and built development, which makes one landscape different from another. Landscape character can also encompass social / cultural elements. The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occur consistently in a particular type of landscape, and how it is perceived by people. It reflects particular combination of geology, landform, soils, vegetation, land use and human settlement. It creates a particular sense of place of different areas of the landscape. Landscape character units refer to areas of homogenous (similar) patterns of visual, physical, environmental and cultural characteristics such as landform, vegetation, water form and land use as well as individual features. A prominent feature in the landscape (i.e. dominant hill, watercourse, corpse of remnant trees) or a landmark that influences the landscape character of an area. These elements can be natural or cultural. Changes in the character and quality of the landscape that occur as a result of development. Impacts can either be positive (i.e. beneficial or an improvement) or negative (i.e. adverse or detraction). Where an impact is positive the term ‘landscape benefit’ may be used. The extent to which a landscape can incorporate change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its character and features. Landscape values include the existence value of a landscape or its value to present or future generations. Landscape values might be visual, cultural, spiritual, environmental, based on memories and perceptions. Understanding landscape values involves identifying essential characteristics of the landscape and working with communities to understand the meaning of the landscape to them. Management and mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce or eliminate impacts as a result of a visual impact assessment. The individual or company proposing to develop a wind farm, the applicant for regulatory approval. All tasks in the Guidelines are allocated to ‘the proponent’, even though in many instances they may be carried out by a professional consultant. Scenic quality is the relative nature or character of landscape features expressed as an overall impression by people after perceiving an area of land. The degree of harmony, contrast and variety within the landscape; the overall impression retained after driving through, walking through or flying over an area of land. Significance is the weighting of the relative importance of identified values. Landscape values that are likely to be significant are those which help understand the past, enrich the present, and which will be of value to future generations. A party who has been identified as potentially having an interest in the wind farm site and surrounding landscape. This will include local communities, non-local communities and visitors (as well as future generations for whom the landscape is held in trust). Some stakeholders may not be readily identifiable as members of a community – they may be more commonly thought of as institutions, agencies, companies and the like. The combination of the wind farm site and surrounding area (s). The immediate area of land in which the wind farm development is sited. The surrounding area encompasses both the study area (immediate site) and all landscape areas and features in the wider contextual area. Page 110 Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010
Viewpoint The point from which a view is observed. Viewshed or ‘Seen Area’ A viewshed is defined as the area of land visible from a point, or series of points - defined by landform alone and not taking into account vegetation cover/ screening or built structures. Visual impact Visual impact refers to the change in appearance of the landscape as a result of development. This can be positive (i.e. beneficial or an improvement) or negative (i.e. adverse or detraction). Visual Impact Assessment The analysis of changes in the appearance of the landscape as a result of development. Impacts may be negative or positive. Wind farm Wind farm site Those areas of land or property containing the known, likely or potential development footprint of the wind farm. One or more wind turbines located together for electricity generation. It includes all associated and ancillary infrastructure such as roads, substations and transmission lines. Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines – 2 July 2010 Page 111
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EPHC National Wind Farm Development
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Acknowledgements These Guidelines h
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A.6.1 Site selection 28 A.6.2 Proje
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E.7 Technical discussion of key con
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The 20/20 target is challenging; ho
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Table 1-1 Elements of a ‘wind far
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2 Principles for responsible wind f
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3 Wind Farm Specific Issues The spe
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Specific noise limits are not provi
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3.5 Shadow flicker The issue Shadow
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Guidance notes Heritage issues are
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Table 4-1 Typical decision process
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The studies and community consultat
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A Community and Stakeholder Consult
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• Responsive There is a comm
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Figure A-1 IAP2 Public Participatio
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Specific components which should be
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Figure A-2 Example of Good Practice
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Recording the occurrence and outcom
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A.6.6 Decommissioning Planning & Co
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Potential Stakeholders Consultation
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B Noise B.1 Introduction This Appen
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the converse. These Guidelines reco
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The Standard should form the basis
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Stage and methodology Construction
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Other noise-sensitive uses such as
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Table B-2 Existing state and territ
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Establish background noise monitori
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As noted in Section 6.3.1 of AS4959
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predicted levels are significantly
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Prepare expert evidence (as require
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Undertake unattended monitoring to
Page 69 and 70: assessment of wind farm noise emiss
Page 71 and 72: B.4.5 Decommissioning Noise-related
Page 73 and 74: If a significant amount of time has
Page 75 and 76: B.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 77 and 78: The HGC Engineering report 10 also
Page 79 and 80: C Landscape C.1 Introduction This A
Page 81 and 82: • Cumulative impacts “Cumulativ
Page 83 and 84: C.2 Overview of Methodologies Figur
Page 85 and 86: C.3 Task Methodologies C.3.1 Projec
Page 87 and 88: • State Relevant State herita
Page 89 and 90: The preliminary landscape character
Page 91 and 92: • Identifying and describing (in
Page 93 and 94: Advanced photomontages should also
Page 95 and 96: C.4.2 Visual Impact Assessment The
Page 97 and 98: C.4.2.4 Assessment of cumulative im
Page 99 and 100: the implementation of agreed change
Page 101 and 102: Figure C-2 IBRA mapping of Australi
Page 103 and 104: Table C-4 Mapping of landscape char
Page 105 and 106: C.7.2 Levels of significance What a
Page 107 and 108: Consider ‘Supporting Evidence’
Page 109 and 110: information available for other sit
Page 111 and 112: Figure C-4 Example of viewshed mapp
Page 113 and 114: Figure C-6 Example of photomontages
Page 115 and 116: communicate broad-scale ideas and p
Page 117 and 118: Table C-5 Mapping other wind farms
Page 119: C.7.9 Glossary & acronyms Australia
Page 124 and 125: D.1.2 Underlying approach The under
Page 126 and 127: All of the above is generally appli
Page 128 and 129: the operational wind farm is aimed
Page 130 and 131: D.4 Task methodologies D.4.1 Site S
Page 132 and 133: area as it was not collected accord
Page 134 and 135: used throughout these Guidelines as
Page 136 and 137: wind farms. Such data from existing
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Page 140 and 141: construction phase are identified d
Page 142 and 143: Searches for dead birds and bats ar
Page 144 and 145: D.5 Cumulative impacts D.5.1 Defini
Page 146 and 147: in the absence of any turbine colli
Page 148 and 149: that it was first observed. Where m
Page 150 and 151: e the case that assessment for bats
Page 152 and 153: Department of Primary Industries, W
Page 154 and 155: Percival, S.M. 2003, Birds and wind
Page 157 and 158: E Shadow Flicker E.1 Introduction T
Page 159 and 160: • The use of recreational facilit
Page 161 and 162: • The method is inherently linked
Page 163 and 164: Table E-1 Recommended exposure limi
Page 165 and 166: E.4.4 Construction Assessment of th
Page 167 and 168: E.7 Technical discussion of key con
Page 169 and 170: Figure E-4 Variation in shading wit
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common practice varies between one
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as the actual limit, rather than th
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likely to be obstructed. Radiocommu
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Licensed radiocommunications servic
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Figure F-1 EMI mitigation methodolo
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F.4 Task methodologies F.4.1 Projec
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Expected timeframe for evaluation r
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The near field zone can be calculat
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Develop mitigation strategy As a st
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aseline RF survey which involves th
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G Wind Farm Development Process G.1
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Project Sub-stages Activities to be
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Preliminary Technical Studies Issue
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Planning application (PA2) The plan
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Develop mitigation strategy Finalis
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Environmental Management Plans Issu
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Monitoring: confirmation (O3) Confi
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Decommissioning (D2) Once a decisio
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Draft National Wind Farm Development Guidelines - July 2010

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