States of Emergency - Centre for Policy Alternatives

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Herbert Marx (1970) ‘The  Emergency  Power  and  Civil  Liberties  in  Canada’ 16 MacGill Law Journal 39 John P. McCormick (1997) Carl  Schmitt’s  Critique  of  Liberalism:  Against Politics as Technology (New York: Cambridge UP) Dominic McGoldrick (1991) The  Human  Rights  Committee  (Clarendon; Oxford) John Stuart Mill (1971) Three  Essays  –  On  Liberty,  Representative  Government, the Subjection of Women (1861) (Oxford: Oxford UP) Arthur S. Miller (1978) ‘Constitutional Law: Crisis Government  becomes  the Norm’ 39 Ohio State Law Journal 736 Hans Mommsen (1996) The  Rise  and  Fall  of  Weimar  Democracy  (Chapel Hill: North Carolina UP) Henry P. Monaghan (1993) ‘The Protective Power of the Presidency’ 93 Colombia Law Review 1 F.K.M.A. Munim (1989) Legal  Aspects  of  Martial  Law (Dhaka: Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs) N Note (1969) ‘Recent  Emergency  Legislation  in  West  Germany’ 82 Harvard Law Review 1704 O Daniel O’Donnell (1985) ‘Commentary by the Rapporteur on Derogation’ 7 Human Rights Quarterly 23 Jaime Oraá (1992) Human  Rights  in  States  of  Emergency  in  International Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 260
P Patricia Peppin (1993) ‘Emergency Legislation and Rights in Canada: The War Measures Act and Civil Liberties’ 18 Queen’s Law Journal 129 Frederick Pollock (1902) ‘What  is  Martial  Law’ 70 Law  Quarterly  Review 152 G.L. Peiris (1999) General  Principles  of  Criminal  Liability  in  Sri  Lanka (Colombo: Stamford Lake) Eric A. Posner & Adrian Vermeule (2003) ‘Accommodating Emergencies’ 56 Stanford Law Review 605 Richard A. Posner (2003) Law,  Pragmatism,  and  Democracy (Cambridge: Harvard UP) Q Nicole Questiaux (1982) Study of the Implications for Human Rights  of  Recent Developments  Concerning Situations  Known  as  States  of  Siege  or  Emergency, UN ESCOR, 35 th Sess., UN Doc.E/CN.4/Sub. 2/1982/15 (1982) R Max Radin (1942) ‘Martial  Law  and  the  State of  Siege’ 30 California  Law Review 634 Javaid Rehman (2002) International Human Rights  Law: A  Practical  Approach (London: Longman) Erle Richards H. (1902) ‘Martial Law’ 70 Law Quarterly Review 133 Peter Rosenthal (1991) ‘The New  Emergencies Act: Four Times the War  Measures Act’ 20 Manitoba Law Journal 563 261
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A State of Permanent Crisis Constit
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This book is dedicated to J.S. Tiss
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3.   The Neo‐Roman Cons
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6. Fundamental Rights  ....
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security has been prioritised and t
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The year 2008 also marks the twenty
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nationalist political ideology (mir
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Needless to say, responsibility for
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those who believe in the democratic
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the exception discussed below. None
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independence or capacity to ensure
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einterpretation of its constitution
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issues from comparative experience
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PART I  The Theory and Practice
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In their recent comprehensive study
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in the process, destroy democracy.
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appointment of a dictator according
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dictator. 15 The dictator enjoyed a
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was the cultural and political etho
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siege is therefore a legal institut
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In Dicey’s view, the idea of mart
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diminish, the acknowledged prerogat
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Legislative Accommodation One of
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judges to resolve competing claims
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other vastly disparate contextual r
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than undermine, the rule of law in
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Carl  Schmitt:  Sovereign  Di
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Schmitt thought that, “…liberal
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The centrepiece of Schmitt’s mode
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exception has been declared by the
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CHAPTER III THE NEO‐ROMAN C
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3.1  Comparative  Experience:
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of emergency. It is true that the d
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emergency’. 87 The former remains
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legislation for the peace, order an
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the problem of deLinition plagues t
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to undertake, these jurisdictions m
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whereby each successive extension o
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may override ordinary statutes. As
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natural disasters, and a negative l
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However, the signiLicance of this p
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demonstrate this. 137 Other federat
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two classic constitutional devices
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may be curbed by the judiciary.”
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each department the necessary const
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normative expectations of the accom
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proved able, or indeed willing, to
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executive powers, and indeed tolera
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so clearly and blatantly transgress
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conLlict, but the character of the
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who use them to attack or undermine
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to the thoughts, feelings, and ener
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executive in favour of the latter,
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CHAPTER IV STANDARDS GOVERNING
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The past Live decades - the post Wo
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adaptation in human rights law of t
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interpreting these provisions. Subs
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interpreted this to mean “…a si
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were the result of an initiative by
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All three instruments contain a lis
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that it would “…take a State pa
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‘views’ are dependent on the at
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terms, but also that it provides fo
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incomplete reports. Perhaps unsurpr
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has also issued guidelines regardin
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advocacy role for its own views, wi
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The relevant State Party has an opp
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Nothing turns on the question wheth
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these rights. Derogation involves p
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ights under any circumstances, and
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population, to the territorial inte
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neither the ECHR nor the ACHR syste
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proclaimed a state of emergency. Th
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proportionate, in addition to confo
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elation to  the termination
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ut also the deeply conceptualised b
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Covenant (e.g., articles 6 and 7).
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Statute of the International Crimin
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derogability.  Even  in  time
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national security, and the protecti
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The Human Rights Committee has repe
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equires that States parties provide
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The only occasion in which the Huma
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would entail a breach of the State
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PART II  The Sri Lankan Experie
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CHAPTER V SRI  LANKA’S  CON
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emergency without having to look ov
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A state of emergency is brought int
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Chapter XVIII was predicated on the
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Regulations No. 1 of 2005 286 and E
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that of the person committing the a
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mens  rea  requirement for any
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extraordinary powers to the executi
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of almost every human rights norm 2
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question whether executive law‐ma
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merits as well as the statement of
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struck down a detention order after
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ecognised in Article 15 may be vali
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its underlying policy and motivatio
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Firstly, the problem of the deLinit
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extension requires a special majori
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ebellion, the President is empowere
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CHAPTER VI FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS 6
Page 210 and 211: Permissible restrictions on these r
Page 212 and 213: 6.2.1 Structure and Content V
Page 214 and 215: eLlection of the high importance ac
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Page 218 and 219: Lilanthi  de Silva  v.  The
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Page 226 and 227: The court’s reasoning with regard
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Page 230 and 231: With regard to the Linding of uncon
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Page 236 and 237: CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION “…unsee
Page 238 and 239: certain commitments, and then actin
Page 240 and 241: TABLE OF CASES A  Publication
Page 242 and 243: Nagamani  Theivendran  v.  Th
Page 244 and 245: PROCLAMATIONS  AND EMERGENCY 
Page 246 and 247: Yala National Park Regulation 7 of
Page 248 and 249: Establishment of a new Department o
Page 250 and 251: BIBLIOGRAPHY A Bruce Ackerman (2004
Page 252 and 253: J.A.L. Cooray (1995) Constitutional
Page 254 and 255: European Commission for Democracy t
Page 256 and 257: Oren Gross and Fionnuala Ní Aolái
Page 258 and 259: K Robert N. Kearney (1971) Trade 
Page 262 and 263: Eugene V. Rostow (1945) ‘The Ja
Page 264 and 265: UN Special Rapporteur on the Indepe
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