States of Emergency - Centre for Policy Alternatives

3.


The
Neo‐Roman
Constitutional
Model
of
Accommodation:
Comparative
Experience
....................................... 64
3.1. Comparative Experience: Constitutional Issues and
Responses ....................................................................................................... 66
3.1.1. What is an Emergency The Problem of DeLinition ......... 66
3.1.2. Declaration, Extension and Termination .............................. 74
3.1.3. Legal Effects of a Declaration of Emergency ....................... 79
3.1.4. Checks and Balances ...................................................................... 87
3.2. Comparative Experience: Areas of Concern .................................... 92
3.2.1. Constitutional Accommodation: Misuse and Abuse ........ 93
3.2.2. Communal Alienation: Us vs. Them ........................................ 97
3.2.3. The Concept of Militant Democracy and
the Sixth Amendment ................................................................. 101
3.2.4. Normalisation of the Exception ............................................. 105
4.
Standards
governing
States
of
Emergency
at
International
Law
and
Practice
............................................................................................. 110
4.1. General Observations: International Human Rights
Law as a Legislative and Interpretive Framework
of Accommodation .................................................................................
116
4.1.1. DeLinition of Emergency ........................................................... 117
4.1.2. Derogations .................................................................................... 121
4.1.3. Common Themes of Treaty Body Jurisprudence ...........
124
4.1.4. Overview of the Derogation Jurisprudence and
Commentary of the Human Rights Committee .................. 125
4.2. International Protection vs. National Implementation:
The Enforcement Framework of the ICCPR ................................
127
4.2.1. The Human Rights Committee .............................................
130
4.2.2. The Reporting Procedure ....................................................... 131
4.2.3. Inter‐State Communications ................................................. 134
4.2.4. Individual Communications ..................................................
135
4.2.5. Conclusions .................................................................................. 137
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