SOP Manual - Cleveland Fire Department

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Cleveland Fire Department Operations Manual Multiple-Use Residential and Business Buildings A. Roof Operations 1. Access In order to vent the roof, Ladder/Truck crews must get to it. If possible, they should use some means other than the aerial unit; this keeps the aerial available for rescue, top-floor venting, and other operations. Truck personnel should not, however, attempt to use interior stairs in the fire building for access to the roof. If the fire building abuts a building of the same height, Ladder/Truck crews can climb interior stairs there to the uninvolved roof and then cross over on the fire building, provided these are not crowded with occupants evacuating it. If the fire building has two or more fire escapes, Truck crews might be able to reserve one of them for roof access. They must, however, make sure that the fire escape they use has a ladder to the roof. If there is no other way to get to the roof, Ladder/Truck crews must use ground ladders or aerial platforms. An aerial platform should be placed so that at least half the width of the basket extends above the roof, if the gate is on the front of the basket. A ladder or platform used for roof access should remain in place until crews leave the roof. If it is needed for rescue, the unit must be returned to its original roof position as soon as the rescue is completed. If visibility is poor, Ladder/Truck crews should probe for the roof with tools before stepping onto it. The roof is often well below the top of its surrounding wall, especially at the front of a building. A firefighter, who guesses at the position of the roof, because it cannot be seen, may be injured seriously. When they reach the roof, no matter how they got there, crews should immediately look for another way off, to be used in an emergency. 2. Personnel At least two firefighters should be sent to the roof for the venting operation. They can work together and keep track of each other. If one is injured, the other will be there to help or at least to call for help. Effective: June 1, 1997 Revised: 5/14/2009 Page | 209 Approved by: Chief Chuck Atchley
Cleveland Fire Department Operations Manual B. Venting Roof venting should begin with whatever natural openings are available. A roof feature that shows smoke should be opened first. Truck personnel should not attempt to enter the building from the roof if the top floor is heavily charged with smoke. Instead, they should leave the roof and open the top-floor windows from platforms. The floor just above the fire floor must be thoroughly vented for two reasons: -- first, that floor must be searched for victims; second, it must be checked for vertical fire extension, which must be controlled so the fire does not travel vertically to higher floors. The fire floor must be vented to allow the advancing of hose lines and search for victims, as well as for firefighter safety. C. Roof Operations A natural roof feature should be used for the first roof opening only if it is close enough to the hot spot; otherwise, the roof should be cut open at the hot spot or as close to it as possible. After one opening has been made over the main body of fire, natural openings can be used to complete the ventilation job. Firefighters reaching such a roof should check its condition carefully. If the roof feels spongy or is sagging, the steel could be warped and, therefore, weakened. Firefighters should avoid such areas. Although they should open the roof as close to the hot spot as possible, they should not endanger themselves to do so. Special consideration must be given to buildings with trusses. Trusses can fail with no warning. Utilize pre-fire plans to aid in the decision of whether to open the roof. Smoldering Fires A. Back draft B. Venting A smoldering fire must be ventilated before it is attacked. An opening must be made as high on the building as is safely possible to release these gases and allow them to move out of the structure. This is the same principle used to vent free-burning fires. The difference is that with smoldering fires the venting must be done before the building is entered, in order to relieve the explosive situation and reduce the chance of back draft. If this sequence is not followed, air entering the building with firefighters will cause immediate ignition. It is important to ventilate fully and in the right places to insure that the hot gases are dispersed. Because a back draft can take the form of a violent explosion, releasing a tremendous blast of fire and heat, firefighters must avoid approaching the building directly. Their approach should be made either from an oblique angle or parallel to the building. Effective: June 1, 1997 Revised: 5/14/2009 Page | 210 Approved by: Chief Chuck Atchley
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Document Revision History 1. 3/24/1
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SOP Manual - Cleveland Fire Department

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