Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt
Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt
Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
it<br />
4<br />
a···· · ...<br />
-<br />
:.!!<br />
e..... 3.5<br />
c· 3<br />
.c.z<br />
GI- 2.5 .C .J<br />
c<br />
0 .W.G<br />
0<br />
2<br />
c 1.5<br />
GI<br />
01 .Gr<br />
..<br />
0<br />
!:: 0.5<br />
Z<br />
0<br />
C.Z C.J W.G W.S W.St Gr<br />
SOU rce of Nitrog en<br />
Figure 2. Comparison of Ncontent among various types of <br />
biomass. <br />
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />
<br />
~<br />
a<br />
~<br />
E<br />
"Q 150 b<br />
ell<br />
u<br />
::> b<br />
.C.J I<br />
.W.G<br />
"C 100<br />
E bc .W.S I<br />
Q.<br />
.W.St'<br />
Z 50 - c<br />
to<br />
0 0<br />
I<br />
'"<br />
~ Cl ~ en<br />
0 0<br />
~ ~ ~<br />
Source of Nitrogen<br />
....<br />
"-<br />
Cl<br />
III G r<br />
Figure 3. Total Nproduced by various types of biomass. <br />
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />
Conclusion <strong>and</strong> Recommendations<br />
The major contribution of the green manure crops<br />
evaluated was found to be their supply of nitrogen<br />
to the subsequent crop. For small-scale producers,<br />
sunnhemp species were likely to supply adequate<br />
nitrogen <strong>for</strong> cereal crops. hI the case of velvet bean<br />
varieties, half of the total N required by cereal crops<br />
would have to be supplemented from organic <strong>and</strong><br />
m<strong>in</strong>eral sources. The amount of P conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the<br />
biomass was <strong>in</strong>significant <strong>for</strong> normal plant growth.<br />
External sources of P have to be added to crops at<br />
the recommended rates.<br />
Future Research Needs<br />
There is need to quantify the nu.trient contribution<br />
to the soil by the green manure crops, i.e. evaluate<br />
the below ground effect of the green manure fallows.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
The authors would like to acknowledge the L<strong>and</strong><br />
Management <strong>and</strong> Conservation Farm<strong>in</strong>g (SCAFE)<br />
B<br />
'",<br />
a<br />
.J::. 7 .C.Z<br />
D.<br />
e<br />
ab .C.J<br />
C!<br />
~<br />
.W.G<br />
5<br />
"C .W.S<br />
41<br />
U 4<br />
::><br />
.W.St<br />
"C<br />
3<br />
.Gr<br />
E<br />
c.<br />
D.<br />
2<br />
!!<br />
0<br />
I 0<br />
f"! , C) f/)<br />
C)<br />
U U<br />
0<br />
~<br />
~ ~<br />
Source of Phosphorous<br />
Figure 4. Total Pproduced by various types of biomass. <br />
Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />
SIDA/MAFF Project <strong>for</strong> the fund<strong>in</strong>g that made this<br />
study possible. Great thanks are also expressed to<br />
the Crop Science Department of the University of<br />
Zambia, <strong>for</strong> the support rendered dur<strong>in</strong>g the study.<br />
References<br />
Allison, F.E., 1973. <strong>Soil</strong> organic matter <strong>and</strong> its role <strong>in</strong><br />
crop production. Elsevier, New York, USA. pp.<br />
450-456.<br />
Bowen W. T., J. O. Qu<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>, J. Pereira, D. R.<br />
Bould<strong>in</strong>, W. S. Reid <strong>and</strong> D. J. Lathwell. 1998.<br />
Screen<strong>in</strong>g legume manures as nitrogen sources<br />
to succeed<strong>in</strong>g non legume crops. Plant <strong>and</strong> <strong>Soil</strong><br />
75-80.<br />
Elliot, L.F. <strong>and</strong> Papendick, RJ. 1986. Crop residue<br />
management <strong>for</strong> improved soil productivity.<br />
BioI. Agric. Hortic . 3:131-142.<br />
Faris, M.A., 1986. Plow down effects of different <strong>for</strong>age<br />
legume species, cultivars, cutt<strong>in</strong>g strategies<br />
<strong>and</strong> seed<strong>in</strong>g rates on the yields of subsequent<br />
crops. Plant <strong>and</strong> <strong>Soil</strong> 95: 419-430.<br />
Giller, K.E., <strong>and</strong> K.J. Wilson, 1995. Nitrogen fixation<br />
<strong>in</strong> tropical cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. CAB International,<br />
Wall<strong>in</strong>g<strong>for</strong>d, UK.<br />
Peoples, M.B., <strong>and</strong> D.F. Herridge, 1990. Nitrogen<br />
fixation by legumes <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>and</strong> subtropical<br />
agriculture. Advances <strong>in</strong> Agronomy 44:155-223.<br />
Rattray, A.G.H. <strong>and</strong> B.s. Ellis, 1952. Maize green<br />
manur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Southern Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agricultural<br />
Journal 49:188-197.<br />
Yost, R.s., D.O. Evans <strong>and</strong> N.A. Saidy, 1985. Tropical<br />
legumes <strong>for</strong> N production: growth <strong>and</strong> N<br />
content <strong>in</strong> relation to soil pH. Tropical Agriculture<br />
62:20-24.<br />
<strong>Gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Legumes</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Green</strong> <strong>Manures</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Fertility</strong> <strong>in</strong> Southern Africa<br />
181