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Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt

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Figure 2. Comparison of Ncontent among various types of <br />

biomass. <br />

Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />

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Figure 3. Total Nproduced by various types of biomass. <br />

Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />

Conclusion <strong>and</strong> Recommendations<br />

The major contribution of the green manure crops<br />

evaluated was found to be their supply of nitrogen<br />

to the subsequent crop. For small-scale producers,<br />

sunnhemp species were likely to supply adequate<br />

nitrogen <strong>for</strong> cereal crops. hI the case of velvet bean<br />

varieties, half of the total N required by cereal crops<br />

would have to be supplemented from organic <strong>and</strong><br />

m<strong>in</strong>eral sources. The amount of P conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the<br />

biomass was <strong>in</strong>significant <strong>for</strong> normal plant growth.<br />

External sources of P have to be added to crops at<br />

the recommended rates.<br />

Future Research Needs<br />

There is need to quantify the nu.trient contribution<br />

to the soil by the green manure crops, i.e. evaluate<br />

the below ground effect of the green manure fallows.<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

The authors would like to acknowledge the L<strong>and</strong><br />

Management <strong>and</strong> Conservation Farm<strong>in</strong>g (SCAFE)<br />

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Source of Phosphorous<br />

Figure 4. Total Pproduced by various types of biomass. <br />

Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. <br />

SIDA/MAFF Project <strong>for</strong> the fund<strong>in</strong>g that made this<br />

study possible. Great thanks are also expressed to<br />

the Crop Science Department of the University of<br />

Zambia, <strong>for</strong> the support rendered dur<strong>in</strong>g the study.<br />

References<br />

Allison, F.E., 1973. <strong>Soil</strong> organic matter <strong>and</strong> its role <strong>in</strong><br />

crop production. Elsevier, New York, USA. pp.<br />

450-456.<br />

Bowen W. T., J. O. Qu<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>, J. Pereira, D. R.<br />

Bould<strong>in</strong>, W. S. Reid <strong>and</strong> D. J. Lathwell. 1998.<br />

Screen<strong>in</strong>g legume manures as nitrogen sources<br />

to succeed<strong>in</strong>g non legume crops. Plant <strong>and</strong> <strong>Soil</strong><br />

75-80.<br />

Elliot, L.F. <strong>and</strong> Papendick, RJ. 1986. Crop residue<br />

management <strong>for</strong> improved soil productivity.<br />

BioI. Agric. Hortic . 3:131-142.<br />

Faris, M.A., 1986. Plow down effects of different <strong>for</strong>age<br />

legume species, cultivars, cutt<strong>in</strong>g strategies<br />

<strong>and</strong> seed<strong>in</strong>g rates on the yields of subsequent<br />

crops. Plant <strong>and</strong> <strong>Soil</strong> 95: 419-430.<br />

Giller, K.E., <strong>and</strong> K.J. Wilson, 1995. Nitrogen fixation<br />

<strong>in</strong> tropical cropp<strong>in</strong>g systems. CAB International,<br />

Wall<strong>in</strong>g<strong>for</strong>d, UK.<br />

Peoples, M.B., <strong>and</strong> D.F. Herridge, 1990. Nitrogen<br />

fixation by legumes <strong>in</strong> tropical <strong>and</strong> subtropical<br />

agriculture. Advances <strong>in</strong> Agronomy 44:155-223.<br />

Rattray, A.G.H. <strong>and</strong> B.s. Ellis, 1952. Maize green<br />

manur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Southern Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agricultural<br />

Journal 49:188-197.<br />

Yost, R.s., D.O. Evans <strong>and</strong> N.A. Saidy, 1985. Tropical<br />

legumes <strong>for</strong> N production: growth <strong>and</strong> N<br />

content <strong>in</strong> relation to soil pH. Tropical Agriculture<br />

62:20-24.<br />

<strong>Gra<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Legumes</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Green</strong> <strong>Manures</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Fertility</strong> <strong>in</strong> Southern Africa<br />

181

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