Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt

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General Discussion C: Recovery of legume N may be low in a subsequent cereal crop but a substantial part often remains in the SOM pool, which may build soil fertility and benefit future crops. C: The N recovery of leguminous tree rotations with maize is 10-20% and subsequent recovery is 3-5%. However we need fertilizer equivalencies of organic based technologies and these should be presented in extension manuals. C: In relation to the recovery of N from soyabean residues by a subsequent maize crop. Results from work carried out at CIAT (1993-98) on the Colombia Savannas on an Oxisol in the humid tropical lowlands (150 masl, >2600 mm rainfall) using ISN techniques found 10-20% recovery of N from soyabean residue by a subsequent maize crop. A substantial amount was lost by leaching (>50%). N recovery was
ADDING A NEW DIMENSION TO THE IMPROVED FALLOW CONCEPT THROUGH INDIGENOUS HERBACEOUS LEGUMES PAUL MAPFUMO', FLORENCE MTAMBANEI\JGWE', SHEUNESU MPEPEREKI' and KEN GILLER 2 1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167 Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe 2Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Produc'tion Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract Opportunities for harnessing biological nitrogen fixation of non-cultivated herbaceous legllmes in order to improve soil productivity on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe were explored in a study initiated in Decem ber 2001. Over 30 indigenous legume species .were jointly identified with farm ers across three agro-ecological regions, ranging from sub-humid (800 mm annually) to semi-arid «650 mm). A ewezu Smell Technique, based on the odour released from freshly harvested legume roots, greatly enhanced the capacity of farmers to participate in the identification process, The legume diversity was highest in Chinyika Resettlement Area where cropping had been going jllst over 20 years. This was contran) to the loss of diversity in old Communal Areas where dominance of clean weeding practices for over 70 years has led to depletion of the weed seed bank. Legume contribution to the total above grollnd biomass ranged from 3% in 1-year fallows under semi-arid conditions to 88% in afield abandoned soon after crop establishment llnder sub-humid conditions. The latter case indicated an opportunity for manipulating legume popl/lations to increase their contribution, Overall, total fallow productivity did not exceed 3.2 t ha- J dl/e to extreme conditions of poor soil fertility, where soils had generally
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Grain Legumes and Green Manures for
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Acknowledgments • The Leopard Roc
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Evall!ating mucuna green manure tec
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INTRODUCTION AND CONFERENCE OBJECTI
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Table 1. Paradigm shifts underlying
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100 90 80 - - 0 - - Uptake by ihe m
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- 6 ~ 9 8 7 0- 5 CḎ ns 4 0::: 3
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Table 3. Millet grain and total dry
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Dvorak KA 1996. Adoption potential
Page 23 and 24: LEGUMES FOR SOIL FERTILITY IN SOUTH
Page 25 and 26: to the system in such a way that th
Page 27: Muetzelfeldt, R.1. 1995. A framewor
Page 30 and 31: ing capacity. Legumes offer other b
Page 32 and 33: people/km2), land holdings are smal
Page 34 and 35: ments. It would help researchers to
Page 36 and 37: Own livestock Gununo farmers for th
Page 39: Questions and Answers ~ey Papers To
Page 42 and 43: Historical Perspective on Soyabean
Page 44 and 45: ganic amendment for resource-poor f
Page 46 and 47: MPhil. Thesis. University of Zimbab
Page 48 and 49: deal of research work has been bias
Page 50 and 51: 1600 '7 ns 1400 ~ 1200 Cl ~ 1000 "C
Page 52 and 53: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
Page 54 and 55: Boswell EP, Koide RT, Shumway DL, A
Page 56 and 57: Materials and Methods The trial was
Page 58 and 59: 0.9 0.8 ~ 0.7 Rec '-' 0.6 Vl ::9 0.
Page 60 and 61: Series no 5. Soil Science SOciety o
Page 62 and 63: Materials and Methods Persistence o
Page 64 and 65: content resulted in increased rhizo
Page 66 and 67: (Mugwiia and Murwira, 1997). Howeve
Page 68 and 69: Table 2. Average maize yield estima
Page 70 and 71: implied that most fanners prefer to
Page 73: ] Questions and Answers Rhizobium,
Page 77 and 78: Materials and Methods The study use
Page 79 and 80: a) Chikwaka b) Chinyika !21 C. absu
Page 81 and 82: Table 3. N, P and Kconcentrations (
Page 83 and 84: Abstract SCREENING OF SHORT DURATIO
Page 85 and 86: Table 2. Characteristics of short d
Page 87 and 88: RISK DIVERSIFICATION OPPORTUNITIES
Page 89 and 90: management technologies with differ
Page 91 and 92: Table 3. Expected annual returns (Z
Page 93: Table 6. Risk diversification indic
Page 96 and 97: een renewed interest in green manur
Page 98 and 99: unfertilised maize crop of over 200
Page 101 and 102: Questions and Answers Screening of
Page 103 and 104: GREEN MANURE AND FOOD LEGUMES RESEA
Page 105 and 106: 7000 6000 ';' €.. 5000 .~MzSole :
Page 107 and 108: Table 5. Maize grain yield (kg ha")
Page 109: Phiri, A.D.K. 1999. Effects of Sesb
Page 112 and 113: amount of roots with sl:nnhemp. It
Page 114 and 115: It was proved that a mixed farming
Page 116 and 117: Table 3. Above·ground biomass (t/h
Page 118 and 119: and horticulture in Zimbabwe: Case
Page 121 and 122: GRAIN LEGUMES AND GREEN MANURES IN
Page 123 and 124: Results Table 1. Adaptation of gree
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Four rates of fertilizer N were app
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THE ROLE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULA
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Table 1. Non-legume cropping patter
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Table 9. Common pests on cowpeas as
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few of the farmers interviewed acqu
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Murwira, H.K., M.J. Swift and P.G.H
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Materials and Methods On farm exper
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18000 1600) 14000 a) Zambia 12000 m
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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GREEN MANURE LE
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.. ~ Table 2. The effect of time o
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Chivinge, O.A., E. Kasembe, and I.K
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times with regionally specific adap
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ter content at 180 cm was still wel
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to amount of biomass, quality of bi
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with the natural fallow, which did
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and K to maize as an equivalent amo
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forts to understand the mechanisms
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gen recovery rates in relation to p
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The first steps to improve soil fer
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Questions and Answers .Identificat
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MUCUNA - MAIZE ROTATIONS AND SHORT
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Table 3. Percent nitrogen (% N) con
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~e decomposition of legume residues
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Table 3. Effect of forage legumes o
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available nutrients and vice versa,
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Conclusion and Recommendation Mucun
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Specific objectives were to: • Te
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'"~ v '" ~ ~ 1400000 1200000 100000
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EFFECT OF SURFACE APPLICATION AND I
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it 4 a···· · ... - :.!! e.....
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PERFORMANCE OF GREEN MANURES AND GR
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Mungwi soil, cowpea and soyabean pr
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Among BNF systems, symbiotic system
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3500 .f"'3000 ca ,c2500 CI "" - 200
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above-ground biomass was not transl
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3000 "0 ]i >. ,5 ~ C> 800 600 400 2
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Most interventions involving green
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~ ~~----.-~r-~-------------r~~ Aoo
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stover N, followed by after pigeon
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tems in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Procee
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1965). The tailings and AgLi were a
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The significant soybean yield could
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twice the yield is necessary. We ha
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Table 1. Maize and Grain Legumes Pr
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Recommendations and Conclusion In v
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performance of private sector compa
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the investment costs incurred. The
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Results and Planning Workshop. Soil
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A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LEGUME
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Table 1. Gross margins from the dif
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Abstract LINKING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP
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3. If households are linked to prod
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Table 9. Average Table 8. Pigeonpea
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ance of sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop
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Mligo, J.K., 1995. Pigeonpea breedi
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To Charles Nhemachena, et al. Q: 1)
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• Assessment of the potential ben
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few studies characterized the house
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• Conduct more research to measur
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Socio-Economics, Policy and Technol
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