Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in ... - cimmyt

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3500 .f"'3000 ca ,c2500 CI "" - 2000 .PO ~ 'ti >. 1500 • MAP .PAPR c 1000 ~ (!) 500 0 o 40 80 120 160 200 P level (kg P 2 0 S ha- 1 ) Figure 2_ Effect of source and level of P on soybean grain yield at Kafuku Farm Institute. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. response to applied P on soybean regardless of P source. The soil available P was adequate to meet the nutrient demand of the crop. In the second cropping season, there was no response of biomass and grain yield on the control treatment to lime application. This is because the initial soil pH for this site of 5.1 was high and consequently the exchangeable aluminium of 0.1 cmol kg-I was low to be detrimental to plant growth. Liming, therefore, did not reduce exchangeable aluminium any lower than was already in the soil to negatively influence plant growth (Table I, Figures 3 and 4). High biomass yields of 1.7 and 1.3 times over the control were obtained for the recurrent and residual appiication of MAP respectively. Similarly, high grain yields of 1.6 times over the control treatments were obtained for both the fresh and residual application of MAP. Liming increased biomass and grain yields largely in the fresh than in the residual application of MAP. ;::-- 5000 ,...,~=-.........~~----_~~ ~ . 4500 .1--------.......",~----4;,..-~ ~ 4000 ;- 3500 Qj 3000 ': 2500 ~ 2000 E 1500 .S! ..0 1000 500 -tV 0 0 ~ o 13.5 27 60 120 P level (kg P 2 0 S ha- 1 ) .PO L .1'0 UL .MAP L .MAP UL • PAPR L ill PAPR UL Figure 3. Effect of source of P, level of Pand lime on soybean biomass yield at Chibwe On·farm site. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different. With PAPR·there was a response to P for soybean biomass and grain yields only to residual application of the fertilizer. Highest biomass and grain yields were obtained at the lower rate of 13.5 and 27 kg P20S ha- 1 for biomass and 27 kg PiOs ha- 1 for soybean grain yield. Both the biomass and grain yields decreased with increased rate of P so that there was no response to P at the ·highest rate (120 kg P20S ha- 1 ) with and without liming for grain yield and without liming for biomass. The effect of lime for MAP was similar, except at the lowest rate of P for grain and biomass yield. The reduction of soybean grain yield with increasing rate of residual P application suggested adequacy of soil P for crop production. The residual effect of P for PAPR was thus more effective than that of the fresh and residual application of MAP because adequacy in soil P for plant growth -:vas reached at a lower rate of P application. On Makeni soil series at GART, higher grain yields of soybean were obtained in the first cropping season with the recommended level of P application of 60 kg P20S ha- 1 for MAP than at the improved technology level of 120 kg P20S ha- 1 . This is shown in Figure 5. The yields were 2.4 times more than the control treatment. In the case of P APR, the soybean yields were similar for both the recommended and improved technology with a two-fold increase in soybean yield compared to the unfertilized control. There was a significant reduction (p
2000 ~""""''7:ll!=''''''''__1[::''J!II ;>g!'~~L1!!2:~~ 1800 t"-:":"-:-~""='....:r:~ -'Iv 1600 T-'~---'''';::''::~~ .s:: 1400 f-~""'""':-:=:~~ Cl ==- 1200 +:::~-.~~~ .PO ~ 1000 +.'1'"""--",.:-.,..,...-=:;;, Q.I .MAP ';;;:' 800 t-"'~"'-:-'7-:'-- .PAPR 600 400 200 o o 60 120 P Level (kg P~s ha- 1 ) Figure 5. Response of soybean grain yield to level and wurce of P at GA RT. Means follows by the same letter are not significantly significant. 1600 1400
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Grain Legumes and Green Manures for
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Acknowledgments • The Leopard Roc
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Evall!ating mucuna green manure tec
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INTRODUCTION AND CONFERENCE OBJECTI
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Table 1. Paradigm shifts underlying
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100 90 80 - - 0 - - Uptake by ihe m
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- 6 ~ 9 8 7 0- 5 CḎ ns 4 0::: 3
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Table 3. Millet grain and total dry
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Dvorak KA 1996. Adoption potential
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LEGUMES FOR SOIL FERTILITY IN SOUTH
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to the system in such a way that th
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Muetzelfeldt, R.1. 1995. A framewor
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ing capacity. Legumes offer other b
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people/km2), land holdings are smal
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ments. It would help researchers to
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Own livestock Gununo farmers for th
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Questions and Answers ~ey Papers To
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Historical Perspective on Soyabean
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ganic amendment for resource-poor f
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MPhil. Thesis. University of Zimbab
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deal of research work has been bias
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1600 '7 ns 1400 ~ 1200 Cl ~ 1000 "C
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
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Boswell EP, Koide RT, Shumway DL, A
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Materials and Methods The trial was
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0.9 0.8 ~ 0.7 Rec '-' 0.6 Vl ::9 0.
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Series no 5. Soil Science SOciety o
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Materials and Methods Persistence o
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content resulted in increased rhizo
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(Mugwiia and Murwira, 1997). Howeve
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Table 2. Average maize yield estima
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implied that most fanners prefer to
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] Questions and Answers Rhizobium,
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ADDING A NEW DIMENSION TO THE IMPRO
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Materials and Methods The study use
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a) Chikwaka b) Chinyika !21 C. absu
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Table 3. N, P and Kconcentrations (
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Abstract SCREENING OF SHORT DURATIO
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Table 2. Characteristics of short d
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RISK DIVERSIFICATION OPPORTUNITIES
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management technologies with differ
Page 91 and 92:
Table 3. Expected annual returns (Z
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Table 6. Risk diversification indic
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een renewed interest in green manur
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unfertilised maize crop of over 200
Page 101 and 102:
Questions and Answers Screening of
Page 103 and 104:
GREEN MANURE AND FOOD LEGUMES RESEA
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7000 6000 ';' €.. 5000 .~MzSole :
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Table 5. Maize grain yield (kg ha")
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Phiri, A.D.K. 1999. Effects of Sesb
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amount of roots with sl:nnhemp. It
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It was proved that a mixed farming
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Table 3. Above·ground biomass (t/h
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and horticulture in Zimbabwe: Case
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GRAIN LEGUMES AND GREEN MANURES IN
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Results Table 1. Adaptation of gree
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Four rates of fertilizer N were app
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THE ROLE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULA
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Table 1. Non-legume cropping patter
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Table 9. Common pests on cowpeas as
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few of the farmers interviewed acqu
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Murwira, H.K., M.J. Swift and P.G.H
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Materials and Methods On farm exper
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18000 1600) 14000 a) Zambia 12000 m
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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GREEN MANURE LE
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.. ~ Table 2. The effect of time o
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Chivinge, O.A., E. Kasembe, and I.K
Page 150 and 151: times with regionally specific adap
Page 152 and 153: ter content at 180 cm was still wel
Page 154 and 155: to amount of biomass, quality of bi
Page 156 and 157: with the natural fallow, which did
Page 158 and 159: and K to maize as an equivalent amo
Page 160 and 161: forts to understand the mechanisms
Page 162 and 163: gen recovery rates in relation to p
Page 164 and 165: The first steps to improve soil fer
Page 167 and 168: Questions and Answers .Identificat
Page 169 and 170: MUCUNA - MAIZE ROTATIONS AND SHORT
Page 171: Table 3. Percent nitrogen (% N) con
Page 174 and 175: ~e decomposition of legume residues
Page 176 and 177: Table 3. Effect of forage legumes o
Page 178 and 179: available nutrients and vice versa,
Page 180 and 181: Conclusion and Recommendation Mucun
Page 182 and 183: Specific objectives were to: • Te
Page 184 and 185: '"~ v '" ~ ~ 1400000 1200000 100000
Page 187 and 188: EFFECT OF SURFACE APPLICATION AND I
Page 189: it 4 a···· · ... - :.!! e.....
Page 193 and 194: PERFORMANCE OF GREEN MANURES AND GR
Page 195: Mungwi soil, cowpea and soyabean pr
Page 198 and 199: Among BNF systems, symbiotic system
Page 202 and 203: above-ground biomass was not transl
Page 204 and 205: 3000 "0 ]i >. ,5 ~ C> 800 600 400 2
Page 206 and 207: Most interventions involving green
Page 208 and 209: ~ ~~----.-~r-~-------------r~~ Aoo
Page 210 and 211: stover N, followed by after pigeon
Page 212 and 213: tems in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Procee
Page 214 and 215: 1965). The tailings and AgLi were a
Page 216 and 217: The significant soybean yield could
Page 218 and 219: twice the yield is necessary. We ha
Page 220 and 221: Table 1. Maize and Grain Legumes Pr
Page 222 and 223: Recommendations and Conclusion In v
Page 224 and 225: performance of private sector compa
Page 226 and 227: the investment costs incurred. The
Page 228 and 229: Results and Planning Workshop. Soil
Page 231 and 232: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LEGUME
Page 233 and 234: Table 1. Gross margins from the dif
Page 235 and 236: Abstract LINKING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP
Page 237 and 238: 3. If households are linked to prod
Page 239 and 240: Table 9. Average Table 8. Pigeonpea
Page 241 and 242: ance of sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop
Page 243: Mligo, J.K., 1995. Pigeonpea breedi
Page 246 and 247: To Charles Nhemachena, et al. Q: 1)
Page 248 and 249: • Assessment of the potential ben
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few studies characterized the house
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• Conduct more research to measur
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Socio-Economics, Policy and Technol
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