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Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in Southern Africa: Taking Stock of Progress Proceedings of a Conference held 8-11 October 2002 at the Leopard Rock Hotel, Vumba, Zimbabwe Edited by Stephen R. Waddington Maize Programme and Natural Resources Group CIMMYT-Zimbabwe Co-coordinator, Soil Fert Net Website: www.soilfertnetsouthemafrica.org A Publication of the Soil Fertility Management and Policy Network for Maize-Based Cropping Systems in Southern Africa IsaN 970-648-113-3 Harare, Zimbabwe, December 2003
Printed in Zimbabwe Correct citation: Waddington, S.R. (ed.) 2003. Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in Southern Africa: Taking Stock of Progress. Proceedings of a Conference held 8-11 October 2002 at the Leopard Rock Hotel, Vumba, Zimbabwe. Soil Fert Net and CIMMYT-Zimbabwe, Harare,.Zimbabwe. 246 pp. Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in Southern Africa: Taking Stock of Progress Waddington, S.R. (ed.l AGROVOC Descriptors Soil fertility; Grain legumes; Green manures; Maize; Cowpeas Vigna unguiculata; Striga asiatica; Pigeon peas; Beans Phaseolus vulgaris; Mucuna; Biomass; Semi arid Zone; Soil chemistry and physics; Fertilizer combinations; Soil cultivation; Land productivity; Soil management; Cropping systems; Intercropping; Grain yield; Farming systems; Small farn:s; Socioeconomic environment; Economic analysis; Agricultural research; Southern Africa AGRIS Category Codes P35 Soil Fertility E16 Production Economics Dewey Decimal Cla.ssif. 631.422 ISBN 970-648-113-3 Layout: Stephen Waddington and Nigist Bekele
Page 4 and 5: Acknowledgments • The Leopard Roc
Page 6 and 7: Evall!ating mucuna green manure tec
Page 9: INTRODUCTION AND CONFERENCE OBJECTI
Page 12 and 13: Table 1. Paradigm shifts underlying
Page 14 and 15: 100 90 80 - - 0 - - Uptake by ihe m
Page 16 and 17: - 6 ~ 9 8 7 0- 5 CḎ ns 4 0::: 3
Page 18 and 19: Table 3. Millet grain and total dry
Page 20 and 21: Dvorak KA 1996. Adoption potential
Page 23 and 24: LEGUMES FOR SOIL FERTILITY IN SOUTH
Page 25 and 26: to the system in such a way that th
Page 27: Muetzelfeldt, R.1. 1995. A framewor
Page 30 and 31: ing capacity. Legumes offer other b
Page 32 and 33: people/km2), land holdings are smal
Page 34 and 35: ments. It would help researchers to
Page 36 and 37: Own livestock Gununo farmers for th
Page 39: Questions and Answers ~ey Papers To
Page 42 and 43: Historical Perspective on Soyabean
Page 44 and 45: ganic amendment for resource-poor f
Page 46 and 47: MPhil. Thesis. University of Zimbab
Page 48 and 49: deal of research work has been bias
Page 50 and 51: 1600 '7 ns 1400 ~ 1200 Cl ~ 1000 "C
Page 52 and 53:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
Page 54 and 55:
Boswell EP, Koide RT, Shumway DL, A
Page 56 and 57:
Materials and Methods The trial was
Page 58 and 59:
0.9 0.8 ~ 0.7 Rec '-' 0.6 Vl ::9 0.
Page 60 and 61:
Series no 5. Soil Science SOciety o
Page 62 and 63:
Materials and Methods Persistence o
Page 64 and 65:
content resulted in increased rhizo
Page 66 and 67:
(Mugwiia and Murwira, 1997). Howeve
Page 68 and 69:
Table 2. Average maize yield estima
Page 70 and 71:
implied that most fanners prefer to
Page 73 and 74:
] Questions and Answers Rhizobium,
Page 75 and 76:
ADDING A NEW DIMENSION TO THE IMPRO
Page 77 and 78:
Materials and Methods The study use
Page 79 and 80:
a) Chikwaka b) Chinyika !21 C. absu
Page 81 and 82:
Table 3. N, P and Kconcentrations (
Page 83 and 84:
Abstract SCREENING OF SHORT DURATIO
Page 85 and 86:
Table 2. Characteristics of short d
Page 87 and 88:
RISK DIVERSIFICATION OPPORTUNITIES
Page 89 and 90:
management technologies with differ
Page 91 and 92:
Table 3. Expected annual returns (Z
Page 93:
Table 6. Risk diversification indic
Page 96 and 97:
een renewed interest in green manur
Page 98 and 99:
unfertilised maize crop of over 200
Page 101 and 102:
Questions and Answers Screening of
Page 103 and 104:
GREEN MANURE AND FOOD LEGUMES RESEA
Page 105 and 106:
7000 6000 ';' €.. 5000 .~MzSole :
Page 107 and 108:
Table 5. Maize grain yield (kg ha")
Page 109:
Phiri, A.D.K. 1999. Effects of Sesb
Page 112 and 113:
amount of roots with sl:nnhemp. It
Page 114 and 115:
It was proved that a mixed farming
Page 116 and 117:
Table 3. Above·ground biomass (t/h
Page 118 and 119:
and horticulture in Zimbabwe: Case
Page 121 and 122:
GRAIN LEGUMES AND GREEN MANURES IN
Page 123 and 124:
Results Table 1. Adaptation of gree
Page 125 and 126:
Four rates of fertilizer N were app
Page 127 and 128:
THE ROLE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULA
Page 129 and 130:
Table 1. Non-legume cropping patter
Page 131 and 132:
Table 9. Common pests on cowpeas as
Page 133 and 134:
few of the farmers interviewed acqu
Page 135:
Murwira, H.K., M.J. Swift and P.G.H
Page 138 and 139:
Materials and Methods On farm exper
Page 140 and 141:
18000 1600) 14000 a) Zambia 12000 m
Page 143 and 144:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GREEN MANURE LE
Page 145 and 146:
.. ~ Table 2. The effect of time o
Page 147:
Chivinge, O.A., E. Kasembe, and I.K
Page 150 and 151:
times with regionally specific adap
Page 152 and 153:
ter content at 180 cm was still wel
Page 154 and 155:
to amount of biomass, quality of bi
Page 156 and 157:
with the natural fallow, which did
Page 158 and 159:
and K to maize as an equivalent amo
Page 160 and 161:
forts to understand the mechanisms
Page 162 and 163:
gen recovery rates in relation to p
Page 164 and 165:
The first steps to improve soil fer
Page 167 and 168:
Questions and Answers .Identificat
Page 169 and 170:
MUCUNA - MAIZE ROTATIONS AND SHORT
Page 171:
Table 3. Percent nitrogen (% N) con
Page 174 and 175:
~e decomposition of legume residues
Page 176 and 177:
Table 3. Effect of forage legumes o
Page 178 and 179:
available nutrients and vice versa,
Page 180 and 181:
Conclusion and Recommendation Mucun
Page 182 and 183:
Specific objectives were to: • Te
Page 184 and 185:
'"~ v '" ~ ~ 1400000 1200000 100000
Page 187 and 188:
EFFECT OF SURFACE APPLICATION AND I
Page 189:
it 4 a···· · ... - :.!! e.....
Page 193 and 194:
PERFORMANCE OF GREEN MANURES AND GR
Page 195:
Mungwi soil, cowpea and soyabean pr
Page 198 and 199:
Among BNF systems, symbiotic system
Page 200 and 201:
3500 .f"'3000 ca ,c2500 CI "" - 200
Page 202 and 203:
above-ground biomass was not transl
Page 204 and 205:
3000 "0 ]i >. ,5 ~ C> 800 600 400 2
Page 206 and 207:
Most interventions involving green
Page 208 and 209:
~ ~~----.-~r-~-------------r~~ Aoo
Page 210 and 211:
stover N, followed by after pigeon
Page 212 and 213:
tems in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Procee
Page 214 and 215:
1965). The tailings and AgLi were a
Page 216 and 217:
The significant soybean yield could
Page 218 and 219:
twice the yield is necessary. We ha
Page 220 and 221:
Table 1. Maize and Grain Legumes Pr
Page 222 and 223:
Recommendations and Conclusion In v
Page 224 and 225:
performance of private sector compa
Page 226 and 227:
the investment costs incurred. The
Page 228 and 229:
Results and Planning Workshop. Soil
Page 231 and 232:
A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LEGUME
Page 233 and 234:
Table 1. Gross margins from the dif
Page 235 and 236:
Abstract LINKING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP
Page 237 and 238:
3. If households are linked to prod
Page 239 and 240:
Table 9. Average Table 8. Pigeonpea
Page 241 and 242:
ance of sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop
Page 243:
Mligo, J.K., 1995. Pigeonpea breedi
Page 246 and 247:
To Charles Nhemachena, et al. Q: 1)
Page 248 and 249:
• Assessment of the potential ben
Page 250 and 251:
few studies characterized the house
Page 252 and 253:
• Conduct more research to measur
Page 254:
Socio-Economics, Policy and Technol
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