Principles of Modern Radar - Volume 2 1891121537

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1.6 References 15TABLE 1-1Summary of Text Organization by Technical Area and ChapterTechnical Area Chapters TopicsWaveforms and spectrum 2, 3, 4, 5 Advanced pulse compression, MIMOtechniques, compressive sensingSynthetic aperture radar(SAR)Array processing andinterference mitigationtechniquesPost-processingconsiderations6, 7, 8 Stripmap SAR, spotlight SAR,interferometric SAR, imaging or coherentexploitation algorithms9, 10, 11, 12 Adaptive digital beamforming, space-timeadaptive processing for clutter mitigation,space-time MIMO coded apertures formultimode radar, electronic protection13, 14, 15 Polarimetry, automatic target recognition,multitarget and multisensor trackingEmerging techniques 16, 17 Human or dismount detection andcharacterization, passive bistatic radarprocessing methodsEach chapter ends with problem sets the interested reader may elect to solve. Whilea number of these may be solved in a traditional sense with pen and paper, many alsorequire the use of MATLAB or another suitable programming language. With an emphasison processing techniques, the best strategy to master the material herein is the hands-onapproach.1.6 REFERENCES[1] Richards, M.A., Scheer, J.A., and Holm, W.A. (Eds.), Principles of Modern Radar: BasicPrinciples, SciTech Publishing, Raleigh, NC, 2010.[2] Billingsley, J.B., Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter: Measurements and Empirical Models,William Andrew Publishing, Inc., Norwich, NY, 2002.[3] Skolnik, M.I., Introduction to Radar Systems, 2d ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1980.[4] DiFranco, J.V. and Rubin, W.L., Radar Detection, Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1980.[5] Johnson, D.H. and Dudgeon, D.E., Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.[6] Carara, W.G., Goodman, R.S., and Majewski, R.M., Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar:Signal Processing Algorithms, Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1995.[7] Sullivan, R.J., Microwave Radar: Imaging and Advanced Concepts, Artech House, Boston,MA, 2000.[8] Melvin, W.L., Showman, G.A., and Guerci, J.R., “A Knowledge-Aided GMTI DetectionArchitecture,” Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, April 26–29, 2004, Philadelphia,PA.[9] Willis, N. and Griffiths, H. (Eds.), Advances in Bistatic Radar, SciTech Publishing, Raleigh,NC, 2007.[10] Melvin, W.L., Hancock, R., Rangaswamy, M., and Parker, J., “Adaptive Distributed Radar,”Proceedings of the International Radar Conference, October 2009, Bordeaux, France.
16 CHAPTER 1 Overview: Advanced Techniques in Modern Radar[11] Nitzberg, R., Radar Signal Processing and Adaptive Systems, Artech House, Norwood, MA,1999.[12] Levanon, N., Radar Principles, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.[13] Melvin, W.L. and Guerci, J.R., “Knowledge-Aided Sensor Signal Processing: A New Paradigmfor Radar and Other Sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, July2006, pp. 983–996.[14] Melvin, W.L., “Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Radar,” to appear in Elsevier ElectronicReference in Signal, Image and Video Processing, Academic Press.[15] Melvin, W.L. and Showman, G.A., “Knowledge-Aided, Physics-Based Signal Processingfor Next-generation radar,” in Proceedings of the Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems,Computers, November 2007, Pacific Grove, CA.
Page 2: Principles of Modern Radar
Page 5 and 6: Published by SciTech Publishing, an
Page 8: Brief ContentsPreface xvPublisher A
Page 11 and 12: xContents3.6 Adaptive MIMO Radar 10
Page 13 and 14: xiiContents9.3 Adaptive Jammer Canc
Page 15 and 16: xivContents15.3 Multisensor Trackin
Page 17 and 18: xviPrefacehas always been the unlik
Page 19 and 20: Publisher AcknowledgmentsTechnical
Page 21 and 22: Editors and ContributorsVolume Edit
Page 23 and 24: xxiiEditors and ContributorsDr. Lis
Page 25 and 26: xxivEditors and ContributorsMr. Ara
Page 27 and 28: 2 CHAPTER 1 Overview: Advanced Tech
Page 30 and 31: 1.3 Radar and System Topologies 5FI
Page 32 and 33: 1.4 Topics in Advanced Techniques 7
Page 42: PART IWaveforms and SpectrumCHAPTER
Page 45 and 46: 20 CHAPTER 2 Advanced Pulse Compres
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2.5 Stepped Frequency Waveforms 69I
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72 CHAPTER 2 Advanced Pulse Compres
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76 CHAPTER 2 Advanced Pulse Compres
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2.9 References 812.7.4 SummaryWhile
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2.9 References 83[27] Taylor, Jr.,
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2.10 Problems 85shift across the pu
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88 CHAPTER 3 Optimal and Adaptive M
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3.2 Optimum MIMO Waveform Design fo
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3.4 Optimum MIMO Design for Target
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3.4 Optimum MIMO Design for Target
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3.5 Constrained Optimum MIMO Radar
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108 CHAPTER 3 Optimal and Adaptive
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3.6 Adaptive MIMO Radar 111SINR Los
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3.10 Problems 115[22] W. Y. Hsiang,
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3.10 Problems 1179. A constrained o
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120 CHAPTER 4 MIMO Radarperformance
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4.3 The MIMO Virtual Array 123separ
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4.4 MIMO Radar Signal Processing 12
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134 CHAPTER 4 MIMO RadarFIGURE 4-7T
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136 CHAPTER 4 MIMO Radar4.5.2 MIMO
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138 CHAPTER 4 MIMO Radarnamely, R
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140 CHAPTER 4 MIMO RadarTABLE 4-2 P
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142 CHAPTER 4 MIMO RadarSINR Loss (
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144 CHAPTER 4 MIMO Radar[10] H. V.
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Radar Applications of SparseReconst
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5.1 Introduction 149δ = M/N, the u
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152 CHAPTER 5 Radar Applications of
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5.2 CS Theory 163While the notion o
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5.2 CS Theory 165as , where is a b
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5.3 SR Algorithms 167than the norm
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5.3 SR Algorithms 169the value of o
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5.3 SR Algorithms 171takes special
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5.3 SR Algorithms 173The function f
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5.3 SR Algorithms 175of the TV norm
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5.3 SR Algorithms 177One can argue
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5.3 SR Algorithms 179probability ma
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5.3 SR Algorithms 181only a subset
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 183pr
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 185We
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 187th
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 189tu
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 191Ra
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5.4 Sample Radar Applications 193Ta
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Spotlight SyntheticAperture RadarCH
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6.1 Introduction 213• Image quali
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6.2 Mathematical Background 215andf
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6.2 Mathematical Background 2172π
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220 CHAPTER 6 Spotlight Synthetic A
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6.4 Sampling Requirements and Resol
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6.4 Sampling Requirements and Resol
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6.5 Image Reconstruction 239FIGURE
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6.6 Image Metrics 241The contrast r
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6.6 Image Metrics 243Along-track am
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6.7 Phase Error Effects 245TABLE 6-
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260 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR3 m SAR O
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262 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR• RMA i
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264 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARH 0 (ω)
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268 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARTABLE 7-1
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274 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARFIGURE 7-
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276 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR−500Sce
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7.3 Doppler Beam Sharpening Extensi
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288 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARand in th
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7.4 Range-Doppler Algorithms 291to
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7.4 Range-Doppler Algorithms 293For
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296 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR−150Col
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300 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR33 cycles
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302 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARCrossrang
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304 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARfrom freq
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7.5 Range Migration Algorithm 307r,
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310 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARkx (rad/m
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316 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARThe diffe
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320 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARLet us re
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322 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARThe resul
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324 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARscene. Th
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326 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARdriven by
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328 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARTABLE 7-3
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330 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SARFIGURE 7-
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332 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR7.10 REFE
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334 CHAPTER 7 Stripmap SAR6. [MATLA
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Interferometric SAR andCoherent Exp
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8.1 Introduction 3398.1.1 Organizat
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8.1 Introduction 341Rsabnv rw x ,w
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8.2 Digital Terrain Models 343FIGUR
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8.3 Estimating Elevation Profiles U
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352 CHAPTER 8 Interferometric SAR a
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8.5 InSAR Processing Steps 365ξ ta
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8.5 InSAR Processing Steps 3670.1 0
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8.5 InSAR Processing Steps 373While
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8.6 Error Sources 375The second met
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8.6 Error Sources 377If sufficient
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Adaptive Digital BeamformingCHAPTER
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9.1 Introduction 403c k = clutter s
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408 CHAPTER 9 Adaptive Digital Beam
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9.2 Digital Beamforming Fundamental
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9.3 Adaptive Jammer Cancellation 42
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9.5 Wideband Cancellation 447FIGURE
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454 CHAPTER 10 Clutter Suppression
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10.2 Space-Time Signal Representati
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10.5 STAP Fundamentals 4810−5−1
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10.6 STAP Processing Architectures
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10.7 Other Considerations 4911 CPIM
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10.9 Summary 49310.7.3 Computationa
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10.10 References 495[12] Fenner, D.
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10.11 Problems 497the PSD in Figure
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11.2 Colored Space-Time Exploration
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11.2 Colored Space-Time Exploration
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506 CHAPTER 11 Space-Time Coding fo
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11.8 References 525Cost reduction o
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11.9 Problems 52711.9.2 Equivalence
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530 CHAPTER 12 Electronic Protectio
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12.2 Electronic Attack 535TABLE 12-
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12.2 Electronic Attack 541variation
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12.5 Antenna-Based EP 557are adjust
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12.6 Transmitter-Based EP 561polari
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12.11 Summary 583TABLE 12-4Summary
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12.14 Problems 585[9] Stimson, G.W.
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Introduction to RadarPolarimetryCHA
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13.1 Introduction 591and precipitat
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13.1 Introduction 593S: target scat
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13.2 Polarization 597After substitu
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13.2 Polarization 599zFIGURE 13-4Po
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13.3 Scattering Matrix 601left-hand
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604 CHAPTER 13 Introduction to Rada
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13.4 Radar Applications of Polarime
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13.4 Radar Applications of Polarime
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13.5 Measurement of the Scattering
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13.5 Measurement of the Scattering
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13.8 References 623• Lee, Jong-Se
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13.8 References 625[32] Kraus, J.D.
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13.9 Problems 627with the result in
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Automatic Target RecognitionCHAPTER
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14.2 Unified Framework for ATR 633P
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14.3 Metrics and Performance Predic
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14.3 Metrics and Performance Predic
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 639TA
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 641Te
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 64314
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 645Un
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 64714
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 649se
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14.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 651th
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14.5 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Rad
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14.5 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Rad
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14.6 Passive Radar ATR 657radar sys
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14.7 High-Resolution Range Profiles
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14.9 Further Reading 661take a targ
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14.10 References 663[19] Q. H. Pham
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14.10 References 665[56] M. Martore
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14.10 References 667[92] E. Libby,
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Multitarget, MultisensorTrackingCHA
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15.1 Review Of Tracking Concepts 67
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15.1 Review Of Tracking Concepts 67
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678 CHAPTER 15 Multitarget, Multise
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15.2 Multitarget Tracking 683TABLE
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15.2 Multitarget Tracking 685remove
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15.5 Further Reading 69515.4 SUMMAR
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15.6 References 697[11] Blair, W.D.
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15.7 Problems 6992. Common metrics
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⎡⎤3 0 0 0 0 00 3 0 0 0 0P 2 =0
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Human Detection With Radar:Dismount
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environment that may mask the gener
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D s % = Boulic-Thalmann model param
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16.2 Characterizing the Human Radar
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714 CHAPTER 16 Human Detection With
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16.4 Technical Challenges in Human
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16.4 Technical Challenges in Human
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16.5 Exploiting Knowledge for Detec
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16.7 Further Reading 729enable not
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16.8 References 731[13] Broggi, A.,
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16.8 References 733[53] G.E. Smith,
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16.8 References 735Conference on So
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16.9 Problems 737FIGURE 16-13Pendul
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740 CHAPTER 17 Advanced Processing
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17.3 Direct Signal and Multipath/Cl
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17.3 Direct Signal and Multipath/Cl
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17.4 Signal Processing Techniques f
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17.5 2D-CCF Sidelobe Control 787TAB
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17.6 Multichannel Processing for De
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17.10 References 815While far from
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17.10 References 817[20] Chetty, K.
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17.11 Problems 819[52] Gao, Z., Tao
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17.11 Problems 8215. Using the sign
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824 Appendix A: Answers to Selected
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ResolutionResolution withDimension
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830 IndexASAR. See Advanced SAR (AS
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832 IndexCross-polarization (XPOL),
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834 IndexExciter-based EP (cont.)fr
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836 IndexInterferencecolored noise,
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838 IndexMoving target indication (
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840 IndexPOI. See Probability of in
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842 IndexSaturated (constant amplit
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844 IndexStripmap SAR (cont.)remote
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846 IndexWWald sequential test, com
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