Principles of Modern Radar - Volume 2 1891121537

494 CHAPTER 10 Clutter Suppression Using Space-Time Adaptive ProcessingFollowing a fundamental description of spatial, temporal, and space-time signals, ageneric space-time processing architecture was then developed, and critical performancemetrics such as probability of detection, probability of false alarm, SINR loss, and improvementfactor were introduced. It was shown that maximizing SINR equivalently maximizesthe probability of detection for a fixed probability of false alarm. Hence, the chapter thendeveloped the space-time weight vector leading to maximal output SINR and characterizedthe STAP as a data-domain implementation of this optimal filter. The minimum variancebeamformer and generalized sidelobe canceller space-time filters were also discussed asalternate STAP implementations, each also maximizing output SINR.In actuality, STAP includes a whole class of linear filters operating on space-timeobservations. Section 6 introduced the reader to reduced-dimension STAP, including detailedconsiderations of the EFA and JDL post-Doppler STAP methods. A performancecomparison of these two methods to optimal and joint domain STAP capabilities usingthe SINR loss metric was given. Additional topics discussed included pre-Doppler STAPand reduced-rank STAP, an integrated approach to angle and Doppler estimation, and anend-to-end processing scheme.The chapter concluded with a brief discussion of additional, important STAP considerationscentered on the challenges of estimating and manipulating the interference-plusnoisecovariance matrix: heterogeneous clutter, nonstationary clutter, and computationalburden. These are important topics that will continue to demand the interest of the radarresearch community.10.10 REFERENCES[1] Skolnik, M.I., Introduction to Radar Systems, 2d ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1980.[2] Johnson, D.H. and Dudgeon. D.E., Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993.[3] Brennan, L.E. and Reed, I.S., “Theory of Adaptive Radar,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospaceand Electronic Systems, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 237–252, March 1973.[4] Klemm, R., Space-Time Adaptive Processing: Principles and Applications, IEE Radar, Sonar,Navigation and Avionics 9, IEE Press, 1998.[5] Ward, J., Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Airborne Radar, Lincoln Laboratory TechnicalReport, ESC-TR-94-109, December 1994.[6] Klemm, R., Ed., Special Issue on STAP, IEE Electronics & Communications EngineeringJournal, February 1999.[7] Melvin, W.L., Ed., Special Section on STAP, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and ElectronicSystems, vol. 36, no. 2, April 2000.[8] Melvin, W.L., “A STAP overview,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine—Special Tutorials Issue, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 19–35, January 2004.[9] Haykin, S., Adaptive Filter Theory, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996.[10] Lathi, B.P., Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 2d ed., Holt, Rhinehart andWinston, Inc., Philadelphia, 1989.[11] Marple, S.L., Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,NJ, 1987.