marker-assisted selection in wheat - ictsd

258Marker-assisted selection – Current status and future perspectives in crops, livestock, forestry and fishFigure 2One-stop pollination of Eucalyptus(A) Elite parent trees, kept as grafts in indoor insect-proof orchards, are induced to flower with growth regulators inapproximately 12 to 15 months. (B) Flowers to be used are still closed; open protandric flowers are discarded. (C) Flowers arecut open before anthesis with a nail cutter. (D) Pollen from the other parent is deposited directly at the base of the style andno bag protection is needed as the greenhouse is kept free of insects. (Photographs courtesy of Teotônio F. de Assis)to more than 1 008 000 ha, involving 362 differentclones at a rate of 2 to 40 clones percompany, and a range of 10 to 34 000 ha perclone (mean 4 150 ha). The annual introductionof new clonal plantations to supportexpansion of forest-based industrial productionis in the order of 238 000 ha, witha mean of 1 820 ha per clone (de Assis,Rezende and Aguiar, 2005).An important paradigm shift in eucalyptbreeding for pulp and paper began inthe 1990s with the increasing realization