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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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106
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108
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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- Page 138 and 139: The following section uses informat
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- Page 142 and 143: Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
- Page 144 and 145: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
- Page 146 and 147: TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
- Page 148 and 149: Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
- Page 150 and 151: Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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- Page 158 and 159: Table 22. The National Immunisation
- Page 160 and 161: Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
- Page 162: Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
- Page 165 and 166: Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
- Page 167 and 168: Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
- Page 169 and 170: Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
- Page 171 and 172: Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
- Page 173 and 174: Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
- Page 175 and 176: Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
- Page 177 and 178: Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
- Page 179 and 180: The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
- Page 181 and 182: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
- Page 183 and 184: Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
- Page 185: 185SUBSTANCE USE
- Page 189 and 190: Table 27. Proportion of Babies Born
- Page 191 and 192: Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
- Page 193 and 194: Midland Region DistributionMidland
- Page 195 and 196: Table 33. Proportion of Babies Born
- Page 197 and 198: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
- Page 199 and 200: SECOND-HAND CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSUR
- Page 201 and 202: Figure 89. Proportion of Babies Bor
- Page 203 and 204: New Zealand Distribution by Materna
- Page 205 and 206: Table 38. Proportion of Babies Born
- Page 207 and 208: Exposure to Second-Hand Cigarette S
- Page 209 and 210: Socioeconomic Differences in Parent
- Page 211 and 212: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
- Page 213 and 214: Note 2: Questionnaires are self-adm
- Page 215 and 216: Figure 98. Daily vs. Never Smoking
- Page 217 and 218: Table 40. Smoking Status of Young P
- Page 219 and 220: Table 42. Local Policy Documents an
- Page 221 and 222: Sutcliffe K, et al. 2011. Young peo
- Page 223 and 224: Carson KV, et al. 2012. Interventio
- Page 225 and 226: Heckman CJ, et al. 2010. Efficacy o
- Page 227 and 228: with an ED specialty code on discha
- Page 229 and 230: Table 44. Alcohol-Related Hospital
- Page 231 and 232: Figure 101. Alcohol-Related Hospita
- Page 233 and 234: Figure 103. Alcohol-Related Hospita
- Page 235 and 236: Foxcroft DR & Tsertsvadze A. 2011.
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Thomas J, et al. 2008. Targeted you
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HEALTH OUTCOMES ASDETERMINANTS239
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SOCIOECONOMICALLYSENSITIVE HOSPITAL
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HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS AND MORTALITY W
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Table 49. Hospital Admissions for C
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Figure 104. Hospital Admissions (20
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Table 54. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 56. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 58. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region TrendsHospital Admis
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Figure 108. Hospital Admissions for
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Total Infant, Neonatal and Post Neo
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 112. Neonatal and Post Neona
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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Figure 113. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Schluter PJ, et al. 2007. Infant ca
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IN-DEPTH TOPIC: SERVICES AND INTERV
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Socioeconomic DeprivationDefinition
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with an increase in the risk of bot
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abnormalities than women who drink
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previous involvement with child pro
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community to provide antenatal, bir
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attitudes, beliefs and preferences
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Box 3. Local of examples of service
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Interventions Aimed at Socially Vul
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to commissioning and delivering mat
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provided sound evidence for the val
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Integrated care for pregnant women
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Family ViolenceThis section reviews
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Centers (CPC) included long term fo
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Antenatal psychosocial assessments,
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307SAFETY AND FAMILYVIOLENCE
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INJURIES ARISING FROM THE ASSAULT,
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Figure 118. Hospital Admissions (20
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Table 70. Nature of Injuries Arisin
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Figure 120. Hospital Admissions for
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Cochrane Systematic ReviewsMacdonal
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MacMillan HL, et al. 2009. Interven
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Figure 121. Hospital Admissions (20
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Nature of the Injury SustainedIn Ne
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Figure 124. Hospital Admissions for
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Park-Higgerson HK, et al. 2008. The
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CHILD YOUTH AND FAMILY NOTIFICATION
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Table 77. Number of Notifications R
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Table 79. Number of Notifications t
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Table 81. Number of Notifications R
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Table 83. Outcome of Assessment for
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FAMILY VIOLENCEIntroductionTe Rito,
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Table 86. Relationship Between the
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Midland Region DistributionFamily V
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Other Systematic ReviewsNelson HD,
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Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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349MENTAL HEALTH
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES:IN
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Contacts: Individual contacts, atte
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Shepperd S, et al. 2009. Alternativ
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Mental Health Commission. 2011. A l
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN
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Autism/Pervasive Developmental Diso
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Table 93. Children Aged 0-14 Years
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Midland Region DistributionChildren
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Table 96. Children 0-14 Aged Years
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[34] have made further contribution
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child and adolescent mental health
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gain an appreciation of the wider f
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HIPPY (Home Interaction Programme f
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Common Mental Health Disorders in C
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A 2005 Cochrane review on whether o
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multiple risk factors, there is inc
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From a services perspective, infant
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separation from their caregiver, al
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teens/early twenties, their sense o
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Interventions for postnatal depress
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Figure 131. Children and Young Peop
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Table 98. Children and Young People
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Table 99. Children and Young People
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Note 3: For hospital admission data
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Table 102. Hospital Admissions for
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Figure 132. Children and Young Peop
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Table 104. Young People Aged 15-24
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Table 106. Young People Aged 15-24
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Mental Health Issues Associated wit
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Table 109. Young People Aged 15-24
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Distribution by Ethnicity and Gende
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Table 111. Young People Aged 15-24
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Cochrane Systematic ReviewsThomas R
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SUICIDE AND INTENTIONAL SELF-HARMIn
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Figure 137. Hospital Admissions for
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Mortality: In Tairawhiti during 200
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant PublicationsBeautrai
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Appendices and References - 427APPE
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APPENDIX 1: SEARCH METHODS FOR POLI
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APPENDIX 2: STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANC
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APPENDIX 3: THE NATIONAL MINIMUM DA
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Loosely interpreted, the findings o
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APPENDIX 4: THE BIRTH REGISTRATIOND
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APPENDIX 6: THE MEASUREMENT OF ETHN
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At the 2006 Census however, a total
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APPENDIX 7: THE NZ DEPRIVATION INDE
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Figure 141. Police Area Boundaries
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APPENDIX 9: METHODS USED TO DEVELOP
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was biologically plausible (the pla
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19. Bjarnason T, Sigurdardottir T.
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51. Rau C. 2005. Literacy Acquisiti
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89. Oberklaid F, Wake M, Harris C,
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125. Ameratunga S, Waayer D, Robins
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158. Craig ED, Thompson JMD, Mitche
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191. Black KI, Stephens C, Haber PS
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226. Ministry of Health. 2012. Stat
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259. Carson G, Cox LV, Crane J, et
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288. Gilbert R, Fluke J, O'Donnell
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325. Musto D F. 2007. Prevailing an
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360. Mental Health Commission. 2004
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393. Wells P, Smith M. 2000. Making
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427. The advisory group on conduct
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461. Ministry of Social Development
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502. New Zealand Health Information