This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Table 107. Young People Aged 15–24 Years Accessing Mental Health Services with Selected Diagnoses, Tairawhiti and Taranaki DHBs vs. NewZealand 2009–2011DSM-IV DiagnosisNumber: Total2009−2011Rate per100,000Young People 15–24 YearsTairawhitiRate Ratio95% CIAnnualContacts perIndividualAnnual BedNights perIndividualSchizophrenia 33 519.3 2.32 1.64–3.27 43.6 37.42Other Psychotic Disorders 25 393.4 1.21 0.82–1.79 39.1 32.20Personality Disorders 11 173.1 0.94 0.52–1.71 33.6 9.27Depression 36 566.5 0.51 0.37–0.71 21.7 11.69Bipolar Disorders 13 204.6 1.15 0.67–1.99 28.3 11.51Other Mood Disorders 12 188.8 0.91 0.51–1.60 24.4 6.67TaranakiSchizophrenia 14 107.4 0.48 0.28–0.81 109.1 84.81Other Psychotic Disorders 28 214.8 0.66 0.46–0.96 68.0 22.57Personality Disorders 20 153.4 0.84 0.54–1.30 31.9 4.33Depression 81 621.4 0.56 0.45–0.70 22.9 3.72Bipolar Disorders 23 176.4 0.99 0.66–1.50 43.0 15.23Other Mood Disorders 18 138.1 0.66 0.42–1.05 31.3 6.46New ZealandSchizophrenia 1,410 224.2 1.00 63.7 39.32Other Psychotic Disorders 2,044 325.1 1.00 49.2 22.32Personality Disorders 1,155 183.7 1.00 38.9 13.70Depression 6,948 1,104.9 1.00 17.2 3.67Bipolar Disorders 1,118 177.8 1.00 31.8 13.86Other Mood Disorders 1,311 208.5 1.00 19.8 5.30Source: PRIMHD; Note: Total = total number of individuals with diagnosis accessing services during 2009–2011; Annual Contacts per Individual = number of contacts each year(averaged over 2009–2011) for individuals with diagnosis ÷ number of individuals with diagnosis; Annual Bed Nights per Individual = number of bed nights each year (averaged over2009–2011) for individuals with diagnosis ÷ number of individuals with diagnosis; As an individual may have more than one mental health diagnosis, columns do NOT sum to 100%Access to Mental Health Services in Young People - 406
Mental Health Issues Associated with Substance UseNew Zealand DistributionAccess to Services by AgeIn New Zealand during 2009–2011, the number of young people accessing mental healthservices for mental health issues associated with substance use, or where substance usewas recorded as a co-diagnosis, increased rapidly after 12 years of age. Alcohol andcannabis were the substances most frequently documented in those accessing services,although other substance use was also relatively common (Figure 134).Figure 134. Children and Young People Accessing Mental Health Services with MentalHealth Issues Associated with Substance Use by Age, New Zealand 2009–20111000Number with Diagnosis per 100,000900800700600500400300200Alcohol-Related DisordersCannabis-Related DisordersOther Substance-Related Disorders10000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Average Age (Years)Source: Numerator: PRIMHD (individuals attending Mental Health Services who had ever been assigned thesediagnoses); Denominator: Statistics NZ Projected Population (2010 = mid-point of 2009–2011)Mental Health Issues with Substance Use as a Co-DiagnosisIn New Zealand during 2009–2011, substance use was a very frequent co-diagnosis forchildren and young people accessing mental health services. Personality disorders,followed by schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were the most frequent diagnosesto have an alcohol-related disorder listed as a co-diagnosis, while schizophrenia, otherpsychotic disorders, and then personality disorders, were the most frequent diagnoses tohave cannabis use, or other substance use listed as a co-diagnosis. Amongst those withschizophrenia 19.8% had an alcohol-related disorder listed as a co-diagnosis, while 26.6%had a cannabis-related disorder, and 21.3% had other substance use listed as a codiagnosis(Table 108).Note: As a result of the considerable overlap between mental health diagnoses andsubstance use, it is likely that a proportion of the mental health contacts and inpatient bednights presented in the tables which follow actually occurred in the context of care for otherdiagnoses, rather than primarily for the management of a substance-related disorder.Access to Mental Health Services in Young People - 407
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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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108
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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The following section uses informat
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Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
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Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
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TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
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Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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152
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Table 22. The National Immunisation
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Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
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Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
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Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
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Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
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Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
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Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
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Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
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The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
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Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
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185SUBSTANCE USE
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Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
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Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
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Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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National Institute for Health and C
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2. Proportion of babies born to mot
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Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
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Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
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TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
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Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
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2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
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Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
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Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
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Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
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Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
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ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
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Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
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Table 45. Listed External Causes of
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Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
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Mortality from conditions with a so
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Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
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Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
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Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
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Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
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276
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with a review of interventions aime
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deprivation in some parts of the wo
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who delay a second pregnancy by two
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Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
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need for multidisciplinary interven
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6 days to determine gestational age
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In New Zealand, information on fact
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post intervention. Engagement in ed
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antenatal care, including two nutri
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throughout pregnancy, birth and the
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Alcohol and Other DrugsNational and
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Zealand had a number of specialist
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in one Cochrane review [274] (see p
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interventions to treat antenatal de
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In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
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308
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Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
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INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
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New Zealand Distribution by Age and
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Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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Note 2: The numbers in this section
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Table 78. Number of Notifications t
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Table 80. Outcome of Assessment for
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Table 82. Number of Notifications R
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Table 84. Outcome of Assessment for
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Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Family Violence Investigations Wher
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Table 90. Local Policy Documents an
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Stover CS, et al. 2009. Interventio
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348
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350
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oader contextual influences on the
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In addition, Table 112 on Page 414
Page 356 and 357: Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
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Page 360 and 361: Figure 129. Children and Young Peop
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Page 368 and 369: IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
Page 370 and 371: this [350]. The review stated that
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Page 374 and 375: Social Workers in SchoolsIn 2011 th
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Page 378 and 379: EpidemiologyThe 2009 review by Meri
Page 380 and 381: A diagnosis of conduct disorder acc
Page 382 and 383: programme using a questionnaire. Si
Page 384 and 385: developmentally appropriate diagnos
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Page 388 and 389: state more than it cost) provided t
Page 390 and 391: ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
Page 392 and 393: Table 97. Children and Young People
Page 394 and 395: Midland Region DistributionChildren
Page 396 and 397: ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Page 400 and 401: Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
Page 402 and 403: Table 103. Young People Aged 15-24
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Page 412 and 413: Midland Region DistributionAmongst
Page 414 and 415: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 416 and 417: Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
Page 418 and 419: New Zealand Distribution and Trends
Page 420 and 421: Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
Page 422 and 423: Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide
Page 424 and 425: Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
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Page 430 and 431: Guide to Community Preventive Servi
Page 432 and 433: information on all of the events oc
Page 434 and 435: 3. In addition, some providers admi
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Page 438 and 439: APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
Page 440 and 441: As a result of these changes, there
Page 442 and 443: 2. Research also suggests that ethn
Page 444 and 445: APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
Page 446 and 447: Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
Page 448 and 449: 3. The condition exhibits a socioec
Page 450 and 451: REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
Page 452 and 453: 33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
Page 454 and 455: 71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
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107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
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141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
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175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
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208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
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244. Nelson Marlborough District He
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274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
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306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
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347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
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376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
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410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
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443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
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480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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