This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

TABLE OF CONTENTSTable of Contents ............................................................................................................ 5List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 7List of Tables .................................................................................................................14INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..................................................................................21Introduction and Overview .............................................................................................23THE WIDER MACROECONOMIC AND POLICY CONTEXT ............................................45MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ..................................................................................47Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .....................................................................................49Income Inequality ...........................................................................................................51Child Poverty and Living Standards ...............................................................................54Unemployment Rates .....................................................................................................66Children Reliant on Benefit Recipients ...........................................................................74Young People Reliant on Benefits ..................................................................................80SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS ..................................................89HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION .........................................................................................91Children in Sole Parent Households ...............................................................................93Household Crowding ......................................................................................................99EDUCATION: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS .................................................................... 107Early Childhood Education ........................................................................................... 109Māori Medium Education ............................................................................................. 117Highest Educational Attainment at School Leaving ...................................................... 124Senior Secondary School Retention and Tertiary Participation .................................... 132School Stand-downs, Suspensions, Exclusions and Expulsions .................................. 137Truancy and Unjustified Absences ............................................................................... 146RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ............................................................................. 153WELL CHILD SERVICES ............................................................................................... 155Immunisation Coverage ............................................................................................... 157Well Child/Tamariki Ora Services ................................................................................. 170SUBSTANCE USE ......................................................................................................... 185Smoking in Pregnancy ................................................................................................. 187Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure .................................................................... 199Tobacco Use in Young People ..................................................................................... 212Alcohol-Related Hospital Admissions ........................................................................... 2265