This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide in Young People Aged 15–24 Years, Midland DHBs vs. New Zealand 2000–20097060DHB Suicide 15–24 YearsNZ Suicide 15–24 YearsMortality per 100,000 (15–24 Years)504030201002000–012002–032004–052006–072008–092000–012002–032004–052006–072008–092000–012002–032004–052006–072008–092000–012002–032004–052006–072008–092000–012002–032004–052006–072008–09Waikato Bay of Plenty Lakes DHB Tairawhiti TaranakiSource: Numerator: National Mortality Collection; Denominator: Statistics NZ Estimated Resident Population (projected from 2007)Suicide and Intentional Self-Harm - 422
Local Policy Documents and Evidence-Based Reviews Relevant tothe Prevention of Suicide and Intentional Self-HarmIn New Zealand, the New Zealand Suicide Prevention Strategy provides a framework for suicideprevention among young people and the wider population. A number of local and internationalreviews also address the prevention of suicide and self-harm in young people and these aresummarised in Table 116 below. In addition, a range of publications focus on mental health issuesin young people more generally, and these are summarised in Table 91 on Page 354.Table 116. Local Policy Documents and Evidence-Based Reviews Relevant to the Prevention ofSuicide and Intentional Self-HarmMinistry of Health Policy DocumentsAssociate Minister of Health. 2006. The New Zealand Suicide Prevention Strategy 2006–2016. Wellington: Ministry ofHealth. http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/new-zealand-suicide-prevention-strategy-2006-2016The New Zealand Suicide Prevention Strategy provides a framework for suicide prevention in all ages, for the period2006 to 2016. Its aim is to reduce the rate of suicidal behaviour and its effects on New Zealanders, while recognising thatsuicide affects some groups more than others, including young people aged 15 to 24 years. The strategy identifies sevengoals: to promote mental health and wellbeing, and prevent mental health problems; to improve the care of people whoare experiencing mental disorders associated with suicidal behaviour; to improve the care of people who make non-fatalsuicide attempts; to reduce access to the means of suicide; to promote the safe reporting and portrayal of suicidalbehaviour by the media; to support families/whānau, friends and others affected by a suicide or a suicide attempt; and toexpand the evidence about the rates, causes and effective interventionsMinistry of Health. 2008. New Zealand Suicide Prevention Action Plan 2008–2012: The Summary for Action.Wellington: Ministry of Health.Ministry of Health. 2008. New Zealand Suicide Prevention Action Plan 2008–2012: The Evidence for Action.Wellington: Ministry of Health.http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/new-zealand-suicide-prevention-action-plan-2008-2012These companion documents provide the 2008-2012 action plan for the New Zealand Suicide Prevention Strategy 2006–2016. The Evidence for Action document provides the evidence base for the goals of the strategy and the Summary forAction identifies outcomes, actions, milestones, whānau ora considerations, timeframes and the lead agenciesresponsible for implementing the actions.Cochrane Systematic ReviewsHawton KKE, et al. 1999. Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for deliberate self harm. CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001764http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001764/frame.htmlThis review, published in 1999 and reviewed (with no change to the findings) in 2009, assessed the effectiveness ofpsychosocial and/or psychopharmacological treatments versus standard or less intensive types of aftercare for patientswho have deliberately harmed themselves by self-poisoning or self-injury. Twenty-three RCTs (3,014 participants) wereincluded. A non-significant trend toward reduced repetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) was observed for problemsolvingtherapy, and for provision of a card to allow emergency contact with services. Significant improvements wereidentified in a single trial of depot flupenthixol for recurrent repeaters of self-harm (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.50) and asingle trial of intensive dialectical behavioural therapy for female patients with borderline personality disorder andrecurrent self-harm (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.93) but numbers were small and the trials should be interpreted withcaution. Overall, insufficient numbers of patients in nearly all trials limited the conclusions that could be reached aboutwhich forms of treatment are most effective and the authors call for larger trials.Other Systematic ReviewsRobinson J, et al. 2011. Preventing suicide in young people: systematic review. Australian and New Zealand Journalof Psychiatry, 45(1), 3-26.This study aimed to review RCTs of interventions for adolescents and young adults who had presented to a clinicalsetting with a suicide attempt (SA), suicidal ideation or deliberate self-harm (DSH). The analysis included 15 publishedand six ongoing RCTs, the majority of which recruited young people from inpatient or community mental health servicesfollowing a SA or DSH and most interventions were delivered in outpatient settings. Overall study reporting quality waspoor and only a few study results could be combined in meta-analysis, which did not find any significant differences. Onlyone study, assessing individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) found a significant difference between theintervention and treatment as usual. The authors concluded that although individual CBT based interventions may showsome promise, the evidence base for effective interventions was very limited.Suicide and Intentional Self-Harm - 423
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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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The following section uses informat
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Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
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Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
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TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
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Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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152
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154
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156
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Table 22. The National Immunisation
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Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
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Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
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Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
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Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
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Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
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Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
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Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
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The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
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Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
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185SUBSTANCE USE
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Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
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Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
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Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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National Institute for Health and C
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2. Proportion of babies born to mot
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Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
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Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
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TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
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Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
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2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
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Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
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Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
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Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
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Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
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ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
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Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
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Table 45. Listed External Causes of
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Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
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Mortality from conditions with a so
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Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
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Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
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Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
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Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
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276
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with a review of interventions aime
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deprivation in some parts of the wo
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who delay a second pregnancy by two
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Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
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need for multidisciplinary interven
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6 days to determine gestational age
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In New Zealand, information on fact
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post intervention. Engagement in ed
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antenatal care, including two nutri
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throughout pregnancy, birth and the
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Alcohol and Other DrugsNational and
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Zealand had a number of specialist
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in one Cochrane review [274] (see p
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interventions to treat antenatal de
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In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
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308
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Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
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INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
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New Zealand Distribution by Age and
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Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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Note 2: The numbers in this section
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Table 78. Number of Notifications t
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Table 80. Outcome of Assessment for
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Table 82. Number of Notifications R
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Table 84. Outcome of Assessment for
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Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Family Violence Investigations Wher
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Table 90. Local Policy Documents an
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Stover CS, et al. 2009. Interventio
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348
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350
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oader contextual influences on the
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In addition, Table 112 on Page 414
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Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
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Ministries of Education, Health, Ju
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Figure 129. Children and Young Peop
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Table 92. Children Aged 0-14 Years
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IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
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this [350]. The review stated that
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Page 382 and 383: programme using a questionnaire. Si
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Page 390 and 391: ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Page 394 and 395: Midland Region DistributionChildren
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Page 400 and 401: Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
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Page 414 and 415: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 416 and 417: Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
Page 418 and 419: New Zealand Distribution and Trends
Page 420 and 421: Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
Page 424 and 425: Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
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Page 430 and 431: Guide to Community Preventive Servi
Page 432 and 433: information on all of the events oc
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Page 438 and 439: APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
Page 440 and 441: As a result of these changes, there
Page 442 and 443: 2. Research also suggests that ethn
Page 444 and 445: APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
Page 446 and 447: Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
Page 448 and 449: 3. The condition exhibits a socioec
Page 450 and 451: REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
Page 452 and 453: 33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
Page 454 and 455: 71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
Page 456 and 457: 107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
Page 458 and 459: 141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
Page 460 and 461: 175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
Page 462 and 463: 208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
Page 464 and 465: 244. Nelson Marlborough District He
Page 466 and 467: 274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
Page 468 and 469: 306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
Page 470 and 471: 347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
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376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
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410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
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443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
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480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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