This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Ministries of Education, Health, Justice and Social Development. 2007. Inter-agency Plan for ConductDisorder/Severe Antisocial Behaviour 2007-2012. Wellington: Ministry of Social Development.http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/policy-development/anti-social-behaviour/index.htmlThis inter-agency plan was developed to establish a more comprehensive and effective cross-government approach toconduct disorder/severe antisocial behaviour in children (behaviours which are defined as severe, persistent acrosscontexts and over time, and which involve repeated violations of societal and age-appropriate norms). The reportidentifies key challenges facing services, including inconsistent mechanisms for identifying and determining eligibility forservices, gaps in the availability of specialist services, and lack of alignment with the evidence base in someprogrammes. It sets out the four key proposals for 2007 to 2012: establishing leadership, co-ordination, monitoring andevaluation; transitioning existing service provision to evidence-based, best-practice interventions; establishing anintensive, comprehensive behavioural service for three to seven year-olds; and building a shared infrastructure for thedelivery of specialist behavioural services.Ministry of Health. 1999. Better Times: Contributing to the mental health of children and young people. Wellington:Ministry of Health. http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/better-times-contributing-mental-health-children-and-youngpeopleThis document was developed as part of the Strengthening Families strategy - an intersectoral initiative led by theMinistries of Health and Education and the Department of Social Welfare in consultation with other key government andcommunity agencies, aimed at achieving better outcomes for children and improving the wellbeing of families. The reportaims to assist all those working with children and young people to recognise and support children with mild and moderatemental health problems and make appropriate referrals to specialists when necessary.Note: The publications listed were identified using the search methodology outlined in Appendix 1Access to Mental Health Services Introduction - 358
ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES INCHILDREN AGED 0–14 YEARSIntroductionThe following section use data from the Project for the Integration of Mental Health Data(PRIMHD) to explore access to mental health outpatient, community and inpatient servicesfor children aged 0–14 years with the following mental health diagnoses: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Conduct/ disruptive behaviour disorders Parent-child relational problems Autism/pervasive developmental disorders Learning disorders and intellectual disabilitiesThese diagnoses were selected as they were the most commonly assigned to childrenwho were recorded as accessing mental health services in the PRIMHD. In addition, theIn-depth Topic commencing on Page 368 reviews mental health issues for children aged0–14 years in more detail.Data Source and MethodsInformation on the Project for the Integration of Mental Health Data (PRIMHD) and the DSM-IV codes used inthis analysis is provided in the Access to Mental Health Services: Introduction section on Page 351.Note 1: Because PRIMHD data is configured in a very different way to that contained in the National MinimumDataset (hospital admissions) the reader is urged to review the methods section on Page 351, in order tobecome familiar with the strengths and limitations of PRIMHD.Note 2: The information presented in this year’s report differs from that presented in the NZCYES’ 2009Reports, because of differences in the data collections (PRIMHD vs. the Mental Health Information NationalCollection (MHINC)) and the coding systems used to code mental health diagnoses (in PRIMHD the datareceived were coded in DSM-IV, whereas in MHINC diagnoses were coded using ICD-10-AM).New Zealand DistributionNumbers Accessing ServicesIn New Zealand during 2009–2011, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was themost frequent diagnosis assigned to children accessing mental health services, followedby conduct/disruptive behaviour disorders and parent-child relational problems. Ininterpreting these figures it must be remembered that many children with these diagnosesaccess paediatric outpatient services, and that this workload is not captured by PRIMHD.Thus the rates given in Table 95 are likely to underestimate the prevalence of theseconditions in the community.Numbers Accessing Services by Diagnosis and AgeAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: In New Zealand during 2009–2011, the number ofchildren accessing mental health services with a diagnosis of ADHD increased rapidlyduring early to mid childhood (four to eight years), reached a peak at nine years of age andthen declined briefly, before increasing again to reach a second peak at 14 years.Numbers then tapered off rapidly during the mid to late teens (Figure 129).Conduct/Disruptive Behaviour Disorders and Parent-Child Relational Problems: During2009–2011, the number of children accessing mental health services with a conduct/disruptive behaviour disorder increased rapidly between three and nine years of age andthen remained relatively static until 12 years. Numbers then rose relatively rapidly to reacha peak at 15 years, before tapering off again during the late teenage years. Similarpatterns were seen for those with parent-child relational problems (Figure 129).Access to Mental Health Services in Children - 359
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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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The following section uses informat
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Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
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Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
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TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
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Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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152
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154
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Table 22. The National Immunisation
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Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
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Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
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Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
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Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
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Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
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Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
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Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
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The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
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Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
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185SUBSTANCE USE
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Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
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Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
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Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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National Institute for Health and C
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2. Proportion of babies born to mot
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Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
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Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
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TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
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Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
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2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
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Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
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Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
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Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
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Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
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ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
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Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
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Table 45. Listed External Causes of
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Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
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Mortality from conditions with a so
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Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
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Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
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Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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Figure 107. Hospital Admissions for
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INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
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Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
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276
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with a review of interventions aime
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deprivation in some parts of the wo
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who delay a second pregnancy by two
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Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
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need for multidisciplinary interven
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6 days to determine gestational age
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In New Zealand, information on fact
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post intervention. Engagement in ed
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antenatal care, including two nutri
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throughout pregnancy, birth and the
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Alcohol and Other DrugsNational and
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Zealand had a number of specialist
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in one Cochrane review [274] (see p
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interventions to treat antenatal de
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In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
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Page 310 and 311: Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
Page 312 and 313: Figure 119. Hospital Admissions for
Page 314 and 315: Midland Region Distribution and Tre
Page 316 and 317: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 318 and 319: Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
Page 320 and 321: INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
Page 322 and 323: New Zealand Distribution by Age and
Page 324 and 325: Midland Region Distribution and Tre
Page 326 and 327: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 328 and 329: Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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Page 334 and 335: Table 80. Outcome of Assessment for
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Page 340 and 341: Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
Page 342 and 343: Family Violence Investigations Wher
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Page 352 and 353: oader contextual influences on the
Page 354 and 355: In addition, Table 112 on Page 414
Page 356 and 357: Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
Page 360 and 361: Figure 129. Children and Young Peop
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Page 368 and 369: IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
Page 370 and 371: this [350]. The review stated that
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Page 374 and 375: Social Workers in SchoolsIn 2011 th
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Page 378 and 379: EpidemiologyThe 2009 review by Meri
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Page 382 and 383: programme using a questionnaire. Si
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Page 390 and 391: ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
Page 392 and 393: Table 97. Children and Young People
Page 394 and 395: Midland Region DistributionChildren
Page 396 and 397: ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Page 400 and 401: Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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Table 110. Young People Aged 15-24
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Midland Region DistributionAmongst
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Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
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Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide
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Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
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426
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428
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Guide to Community Preventive Servi
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information on all of the events oc
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3. In addition, some providers admi
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as in the majority of the analyses
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APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
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As a result of these changes, there
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2. Research also suggests that ethn
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APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
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Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
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3. The condition exhibits a socioec
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REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
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33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
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71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
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107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
Page 458 and 459:
141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
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175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
Page 462 and 463:
208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
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244. Nelson Marlborough District He
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274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
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306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
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347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
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376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
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410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
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443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
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480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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