This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Data Source and MethodsDefinition1. Number of Police family violence investigationsFamily violence investigations are jobs Police deal with as family violence. A given family violence investigationmay relate to one or more offences and/or non-offence incidents. Only one of these (usually the most severe)is used to categorise the investigation.Data SourceNumerator: Family violence investigations as recorded in the police’s operational databaseNotes on InterpretationNote 1: Police policy defines family violence as “violence which is physical, emotional, psychological andsexual and includes intimidation or threats of violence”. The term “family” includes parents, children, extendedfamily members, whānau , or any other person involved in a relationship (e.g. partners, caregivers, boardersand flatmates), but does not include neighbours.Note 2: It is likely that family violence-related offending is significantly under-reported to Police, and that recentpublicity campaigns, combined with an increased Police focus on family violence, have driven increases inpolice statistics for family violence. Therefore, inferences about trends in the prevalence of family violenceshould not be made from these statistics.Note 3: Changes in the way in which the Police produce statistics mean that some of the data presented herediffers from that provided to DHBs in 2009. For example, the Police now do not routinely produce statistics onrole types for those involved in family violence investigations and thus information on the ethnicity of thevictims of family violence incidents is no longer available. In addition, in July 2010 the Police adapted theAustralia New Zealand Standard Offence Classification (ANZSOC) to align with wider Justice Sector reporting.The offence groupings used in this report are thus based on the ANZSOC Group Description, rather than theold TPOC Offence Types reported previously. Finally, Police in recent months have made changes to thePolice Area boundaries resulting in the aggregation of Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt into the Hutt Valley Area; theaggregation of Hastings and Napier into the Hawke's Bay Area; and the renaming of Wanganui and Gisborneas the Whanganui and Tairawhiti Areas, respectively.Note 4: All of the data in this section were extracted from the Police’s dynamic operational database on 29June 2012. Data in this database are subject to change as new information is continually recorded. The lack ofa clearly defined denominator for the reported Police Areas however precluded the calculation of rates.New Zealand DistributionFamily Violence Investigations Where Children Were PresentOf the 86,704 Police family violence investigations which occurred in New Zealand during2011, children were reported as being present or usually residing with the victim in 54.0%of cases (Table 85).Table 85. Number and Proportion of Police Family Violence Investigations where Childrenwere Present or Usually Residing with the Victim, New Zealand 2009–2011YearNumber of Family Violence InvestigationsChildren Present*Total% Family ViolenceInvestigations whereChildren were Present*2009 40,852 77,863 52.5%2010 45,588 84,618 53.9%2011 46,860 86,704 54.0%Source: NZ Police; Note: *Children were present or usually residing with the victimRelationship Between the Offender and the VictimIn New Zealand during 2011, there were 35,536 Police family violence investigationswhere an offence occurred, and where the relationship between the offender and thevictim or complainant was recorded. In 40.6% of cases the victim/complainant was thespouse or partner of the offender, with a further 24.4% having been either previouslymarried or in a relationship. In 20.3% of cases there was a parent/child relationshipbetween the offender and the victim or complainant (Table 86, Figure 127).Family Violence - 340
Table 86. Relationship Between the Offender and the Victim in Police Family ViolenceInvestigations where an Offence Occurred, New Zealand 2009–20112009 2010 2011RelationshipNumber % Number % Number %Married/Partner 16,193 42.9% 16,623 42.0% 14,445 40.6%Child/Parent 6,582 17.5% 7,218 18.2% 7,219 20.3%Previous Relationship 5,287 14.0% 5,616 14.2% 5,129 14.4%Other Family Member 4,455 11.8% 4,819 12.2% 4,679 13.2%Separated/Divorced 3,778 10.0% 3,900 9.8% 3,566 10.0%Other 1,415 3.8% 1,419 3.6% 498 1.4%Total 37,710 100.0% 39,595 100.0% 35,536 100.0%Source: NZ PoliceFigure 127. Relationship Between the Offender and the Victim in Police Family ViolenceInvestigations where an Offence Occurred, New Zealand 2011Separated/Divorced10.0%Other 1.4%Other FamilyMember13.2%Married/Partner 40.6%PreviousRelationship14.4%Child/Parent20.3%Source: NZ PoliceTable 87. Police Family Violence Investigations Where Injuries were Reported by InjuryType, New Zealand 2009–2011Injury Reported2009 2010 2011Number % Number % Number %None 15,473 19.87% 17,037 20.13% 17,684 20.40%Minor Bruising 8,556 10.99% 8,758 10.35% 8,264 9.53%Cuts 2,749 3.53% 3,003 3.55% 2,949 3.40%Serious Bruising 1,062 1.36% 1,132 1.34% 1,026 1.18%Medical Assistance 854 1.10% 931 1.10% 939 1.08%Hospital 783 1.01% 874 1.03% 893 1.03%Death 45 0.06% 31 0.04% 20 0.02%Not Applicable/Null 48,341 62.08% 52,852 62.46% 54,929 63.35%Total 77,863 100.00% 84,618 100.00% 86,704 100.00%Source: NZ PoliceFamily Violence - 341
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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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The following section uses informat
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Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
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Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
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TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
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Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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152
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154
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Table 22. The National Immunisation
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Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
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Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
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Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
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Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
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Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
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Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
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Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
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The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
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Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
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185SUBSTANCE USE
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Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
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Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
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Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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National Institute for Health and C
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2. Proportion of babies born to mot
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Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
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Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
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TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
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Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
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2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
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Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
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Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
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Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
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Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
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ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
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Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
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Table 45. Listed External Causes of
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Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
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Mortality from conditions with a so
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Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
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Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
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Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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Figure 107. Hospital Admissions for
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INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
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Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
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276
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with a review of interventions aime
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deprivation in some parts of the wo
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who delay a second pregnancy by two
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Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
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need for multidisciplinary interven
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6 days to determine gestational age
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Page 306 and 307: In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
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Page 310 and 311: Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
Page 312 and 313: Figure 119. Hospital Admissions for
Page 314 and 315: Midland Region Distribution and Tre
Page 316 and 317: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 318 and 319: Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
Page 320 and 321: INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
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Page 328 and 329: Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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Page 334 and 335: Table 80. Outcome of Assessment for
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Page 346 and 347: Stover CS, et al. 2009. Interventio
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Page 352 and 353: oader contextual influences on the
Page 354 and 355: In addition, Table 112 on Page 414
Page 356 and 357: Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
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Page 368 and 369: IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Table 97. Children and Young People
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Midland Region DistributionChildren
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Table 101. Hospital Admissions for
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Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
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Table 103. Young People Aged 15-24
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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Midland Region DistributionAmongst
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Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
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Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide
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Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
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426
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428
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Guide to Community Preventive Servi
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information on all of the events oc
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3. In addition, some providers admi
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as in the majority of the analyses
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APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
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As a result of these changes, there
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2. Research also suggests that ethn
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APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
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Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
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3. The condition exhibits a socioec
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REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
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33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
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71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
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107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
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141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
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175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
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208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
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244. Nelson Marlborough District He
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274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
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306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
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347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
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376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
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410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
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443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
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480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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