This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue Butterfly by Karen Davis4
TABLE OF CONTENTSTable of Contents ............................................................................................................ 5List of Figures ................................................................................................................. 7List of Tables .................................................................................................................14INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..................................................................................21Introduction and Overview .............................................................................................23THE WIDER MACROECONOMIC AND POLICY CONTEXT ............................................45MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ..................................................................................47Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .....................................................................................49Income Inequality ...........................................................................................................51Child Poverty and Living Standards ...............................................................................54Unemployment Rates .....................................................................................................66Children Reliant on Benefit Recipients ...........................................................................74Young People Reliant on Benefits ..................................................................................80SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DETERMINANTS ..................................................89HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION .........................................................................................91Children in Sole Parent Households ...............................................................................93Household Crowding ......................................................................................................99EDUCATION: KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS .................................................................... 107Early Childhood Education ........................................................................................... 109Māori Medium Education ............................................................................................. 117Highest Educational Attainment at School Leaving ...................................................... 124Senior Secondary School Retention and Tertiary Participation .................................... 132School Stand-downs, Suspensions, Exclusions and Expulsions .................................. 137Truancy and Unjustified Absences ............................................................................... 146RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ............................................................................. 153WELL CHILD SERVICES ............................................................................................... 155Immunisation Coverage ............................................................................................... 157Well Child/Tamariki Ora Services ................................................................................. 170SUBSTANCE USE ......................................................................................................... 185Smoking in Pregnancy ................................................................................................. 187Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure .................................................................... 199Tobacco Use in Young People ..................................................................................... 212Alcohol-Related Hospital Admissions ........................................................................... 2265
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
Page 9 and 10: Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
Page 11 and 12: Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
Page 13 and 14: Figure 127. Relationship Between th
Page 15: Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
Page 19: Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
Page 25 and 26: three then reviews mental health is
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
Page 29 and 30: Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
Page 43: Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
Page 47: 47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
Page 50 and 51: Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
Page 52 and 53:
Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
Page 54 and 55:
CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
Page 56 and 57:
After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
Page 60 and 61:
14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
Page 62 and 63:
Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 64 and 65:
Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
Page 66 and 67:
UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
Page 70 and 71:
Unemployment Rates by Qualification
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
Page 74 and 75:
CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
Page 76 and 77:
Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
Page 78 and 79:
Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
Page 80 and 81:
YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
Page 82 and 83:
Table 7. Number of Young People Age
Page 84 and 85:
New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
Page 88 and 89:
Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
Page 91:
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
Page 94 and 95:
Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
Page 98 and 99:
Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
Page 100 and 101:
Canadian National Occupancy Standar
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
Page 104 and 105:
Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
Page 106 and 107:
106
Page 108 and 109:
108
Page 110 and 111:
Note 2: The number of new school en
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
Page 118 and 119:
Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
Page 120 and 121:
Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
Page 122 and 123:
Local Policy Documents which Consid
Page 124 and 125:
HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
Page 134 and 135:
Participation in Tertiary Education
Page 136 and 137:
Midland Region Distribution and Tre
Page 138 and 139:
The following section uses informat
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
Page 142 and 143:
Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
Page 148 and 149:
Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
Page 150 and 151:
Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
Page 152 and 153:
152
Page 154 and 155:
154
Page 156 and 157:
156
Page 158 and 159:
Table 22. The National Immunisation
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
Page 162:
Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
Page 167 and 168:
Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
Page 169 and 170:
Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
Page 171 and 172:
Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
Page 175 and 176:
Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
Page 177 and 178:
Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
Page 179 and 180:
The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
Page 185 and 186:
185SUBSTANCE USE
Page 188 and 189:
Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
Page 190 and 191:
Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
Page 192 and 193:
Figure 86. Proportion of Babies Bor
Page 194 and 195:
Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
National Institute for Health and C
Page 200 and 201:
2. Proportion of babies born to mot
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
Page 210 and 211:
Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
Page 212 and 213:
TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
Page 216 and 217:
2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
Page 218 and 219:
Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
Page 220 and 221:
Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
Page 222 and 223:
Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
Page 224 and 225:
Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
Page 226 and 227:
ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
Page 228 and 229:
Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
Page 230 and 231:
Table 45. Listed External Causes of
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
Page 238 and 239:
238
Page 240 and 241:
240
Page 242 and 243:
242
Page 244 and 245:
Mortality from conditions with a so
Page 246 and 247:
Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
Page 248 and 249:
Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
Page 254 and 255:
Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
Page 256 and 257:
Midland Region Distribution by Caus
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
Page 262 and 263:
New Zealand Distribution and Trends
Page 264 and 265:
Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
Page 266 and 267:
Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
Page 268 and 269:
Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
Page 270 and 271:
Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
Page 272 and 273:
Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
Page 274 and 275:
Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
Page 276 and 277:
276
Page 278 and 279:
with a review of interventions aime
Page 280 and 281:
deprivation in some parts of the wo
Page 282 and 283:
who delay a second pregnancy by two
Page 284 and 285:
Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
Page 286 and 287:
need for multidisciplinary interven
Page 288 and 289:
6 days to determine gestational age
Page 290 and 291:
In New Zealand, information on fact
Page 292 and 293:
post intervention. Engagement in ed
Page 294 and 295:
antenatal care, including two nutri
Page 296 and 297:
throughout pregnancy, birth and the
Page 298 and 299:
Alcohol and Other DrugsNational and
Page 300 and 301:
Zealand had a number of specialist
Page 302 and 303:
in one Cochrane review [274] (see p
Page 304 and 305:
interventions to treat antenatal de
Page 306 and 307:
In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
Page 308 and 309:
308
Page 310 and 311:
Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
Page 320 and 321:
INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
Page 322 and 323:
New Zealand Distribution by Age and
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
Page 330 and 331:
Note 2: The numbers in this section
Page 332 and 333:
Table 78. Number of Notifications t
Page 334 and 335:
Table 80. Outcome of Assessment for
Page 336 and 337:
Table 82. Number of Notifications R
Page 338 and 339:
Table 84. Outcome of Assessment for
Page 340 and 341:
Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
Page 342 and 343:
Family Violence Investigations Wher
Page 344 and 345:
Table 90. Local Policy Documents an
Page 346 and 347:
Stover CS, et al. 2009. Interventio
Page 348 and 349:
348
Page 350 and 351:
350
Page 352 and 353:
oader contextual influences on the
Page 354 and 355:
In addition, Table 112 on Page 414
Page 356 and 357:
Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
Page 358 and 359:
Ministries of Education, Health, Ju
Page 360 and 361:
Figure 129. Children and Young Peop
Page 362 and 363:
Table 92. Children Aged 0-14 Years
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
Page 370 and 371:
this [350]. The review stated that
Page 372 and 373:
psychotic disorders including first
Page 374 and 375:
Social Workers in SchoolsIn 2011 th
Page 376 and 377:
Children or young people with sever
Page 378 and 379:
EpidemiologyThe 2009 review by Meri
Page 380 and 381:
A diagnosis of conduct disorder acc
Page 382 and 383:
programme using a questionnaire. Si
Page 384 and 385:
developmentally appropriate diagnos
Page 386 and 387:
playthings or the environment, appe
Page 388 and 389:
state more than it cost) provided t
Page 390 and 391:
ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
Page 392 and 393:
Table 97. Children and Young People
Page 394 and 395:
Midland Region DistributionChildren
Page 396 and 397:
ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
Page 398 and 399:
Table 101. Hospital Admissions for
Page 400 and 401:
Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
Page 402 and 403:
Table 103. Young People Aged 15-24
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
Page 410 and 411:
Page 412 and 413:
Midland Region DistributionAmongst
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
Page 418 and 419:
New Zealand Distribution and Trends
Page 420 and 421:
Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
Page 422 and 423:
Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide
Page 424 and 425:
Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
Page 426 and 427:
426
Page 428 and 429:
428
Page 430 and 431:
Guide to Community Preventive Servi
Page 432 and 433:
information on all of the events oc
Page 434 and 435:
3. In addition, some providers admi
Page 436 and 437:
as in the majority of the analyses
Page 438 and 439:
APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
Page 440 and 441:
As a result of these changes, there
Page 442 and 443:
2. Research also suggests that ethn
Page 444 and 445:
APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
Page 446 and 447:
Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
Page 448 and 449:
3. The condition exhibits a socioec
Page 450 and 451:
REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
Page 452 and 453:
33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
Page 454 and 455:
71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
Page 456 and 457:
107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
Page 458 and 459:
141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
Page 460 and 461:
175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
Page 462 and 463:
208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
Page 464 and 465:
244. Nelson Marlborough District He
Page 466 and 467:
274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
Page 468 and 469:
306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
Page 470 and 471:
347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
Page 472 and 473:
376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
Page 474 and 475:
410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
Page 476 and 477:
443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
Page 478 and 479:
480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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