This annual report - Taranaki District Health Board

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Note 2: The numbers in this section may differ from those presented in previous NZCYES Reports as Child,Youth and Family no longer include the intakes received under court order (S19 of the Children, YoungPersons, and Their Families Act 1989 and s132 of the Care of Children Act 2004) in routine <strong>report</strong>ing, as theyare not considered to be care and protection notifications.Note 3: Since July 2010, Police family violence referrals that require no assessment by Child, Youth andFamily have been received separately in the CYF database. However in this section, they have been includedin the main analysis in order to preserve continuity with previous years.Note 4: CYF notification data does not include any information on the ethnicity of individual children and youngpeople, although this information is available for those requiring further assessment. Thus in this section,ethnicity data is presented only for those for whom further assessment was required.New Zealand Distribution and TrendsNumber of Notifications and Proportion Requiring Further AssessmentIn New Zealand during 2011, a total of 150,747 care and protection notifications werereceived by CYF offices, with 38.4% being thought to require further assessment. Whilethese figures reflect a progressive increase in notifications since 2004, when 40,939 werereceived, the proportion requiring further assessment declined (86.3% required furtherassessment in 2004). The absolute number of notifications requiring further assessmenthowever continued to increase, from 35,350 in 2004 to 57,949 in 2011, an increase of63.9% over this period (Table 77, Figure 125).Notifications Requiring Further Assessment by EthnicityIn New Zealand during 2004–2011, the number of care and protection notificationsreceived by CYF that required further assessment increased for children and young peopleof all ethnic groups (Table 78). During the 2011 financial year, 45.6% of notificationsrequiring further assessment were for Māori children and young people, while 32.0% werefor European, 11.4% were for Pacific, and 1.9% were for Asian children and young people(Figure 126).Source of CYF Care and Protection NotificationsIn New Zealand during 2004, family members and the police were the most frequentsources of CYF care and protection notifications, followed by the education and healthsectors. While the number of notifications received from all referral sources rose during2004–2011, the largest increases were seen for Police family violence referrals. Thus by2011, Police family violence referrals were the most frequent source of CYF notifications,followed by the Police (other referral types) and the health sector. However, the proportionof Police family violence referrals which required further assessment declined, from 70.5%in 2004 to 15.4% in 2011. While similar trends were seen for other referral sources, themagnitude of these declines was much less marked (Table 79).Assessment Findings for Cases Requiring Further InvestigationOf those notifications which were assessed further during 2004–2011, a large proportionresulted in no abuse being found. Where abuse was found however, physical andemotional abuse, and neglect were prominent. Behavioural and relationship difficultieswere the most frequent non-abuse findings (Table 80). Because of the nature of the<strong>report</strong>ing system however, and the fact that a single child may appear in a number ofcategories, it is difficult to determine what proportion of cases related predominantly to aparticular type of abuse (e.g. physical, emotional, sexual).In interpreting these figures, it must also be remembered that a single child may have beenthe subject of multiple notifications and that there were also significant changes to thenotification system during this period.CYF Notifications - 330
Table 77. Number of Notifications Received by Child Youth and Family Offices, NewZealand 2004–2011 Financial YearsTotal Number ofNotificationsNumber RequiringFurther Assessment% Notifications RequiringFurther AssessmentNew Zealand2004 40,939 35,350 86.32005 50,488 41,599 82.42006 62,739 46,541 74.22007 71,927 43,845 61.02008 89,461 40,739 45.52009 110,797 49,224 44.42010 124,921 55,494 44.42011 150,747 57,949 38.4Source: Child Youth and FamilyFigure 125. Number of Notifications Received by Child Youth and Family Offices byOutcome, New Zealand 2004–2011 Financial Years160,000140,000Not Requiring Further AssessmentRequiring Further Assessment120,000Number of Notifications100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00002004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Financial YearSource: Child Youth and FamilyCYF Notifications - 331
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Cover Artwork: Long-tailed Blue But
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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1. Gross Dome
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Figure 41. Number of Students Invol
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Figure 85. Proportion of Babies Bor
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Figure 127. Relationship Between th
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Table 21. Policy Documents Relevant
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWIntroducti
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three then reviews mental health is
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Table 1. Overview of the Determinan
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Stream Indicator New Zealand Distri
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47MACROECONOMICINDICATORS
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Expenditure-based Measure of GDPThe
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Gini Coefficient: The Lorenz curve
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CHILD POVERTY AND LIVING STANDARDSI
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After Housing Costs (AHC)Relative P
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Figure 8. Proportion of Dependent C
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14 Items (Enforced Lacks) are inclu
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Local Policy Documents and Evidence
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Other Relevant New Zealand Evidence
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UNEMPLOYMENT RATESIntroductionIn th
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Figure 12. Unemployment Rates by Ag
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Unemployment Rates by Qualification
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Figure 18. Quarterly Unemployment R
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CHILDREN RELIANT ON BENEFIT RECIPIE
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Table 4. Number of Children Aged 0-
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Table 5. Number of Children Aged 0-
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YOUNG PEOPLE RELIANT ON BENEFITSInt
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Table 7. Number of Young People Age
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New Zealand Distribution by Ethnici
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Figure 25. Young People Aged 16-24
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Table 10. Number of Young People Ag
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HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION91
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Data Source and MethodsDefinitionPr
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Figure 29. Proportion of Children A
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Robertson J, et al. 2006. Review of
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Canadian National Occupancy Standar
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Figure 33. Proportion of Children a
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Other Relevant EvidenceMarmot Revie
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Note 2: The number of new school en
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Figure 36. Proportion of New Entran
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Sylva K, et al. 2004 The Effective
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Table 15. Enrolments in Māori Medi
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Table 16. Number of Students (Māor
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Local Policy Documents which Consid
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HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AT S
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Figure 43. Highest Educational Atta
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Figure 46. Highest Educational Atta
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SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RETENTION A
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Participation in Tertiary Education
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Midland Region Distribution and Tre
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The following section uses informat
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Figure 54. Age-Standardised Rates o
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Figure 56. Age-Standardised School
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TRUANCY AND UNJUSTIFIED ABSENCESInt
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Figure 60. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Figure 63. Total Unjustified Absenc
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Table 22. The National Immunisation
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Figure 64. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 67. Immunisation Coverage by
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Figure 71. Immunisation Coverage at
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Soares-Weiser K, et al. 2012. Vacci
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Briss PA, et al. 2000. Reviews of e
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Data Sources and MethodsIndicatorPr
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Figure 75. Proportion of New Zealan
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Proportion Receiving Core Contacts
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Figure 81. Proportion of Babies who
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The B4 School CheckThe B4 School Ch
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Other Relevant EvidenceThe Scottish
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185SUBSTANCE USE
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Notes on InterpretationNote 1: The
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Maternal Smoking at First Registrat
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Table 32. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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National Institute for Health and C
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2. Proportion of babies born to mot
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Table 37. Number of Cigarettes Smok
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Figure 93. Proportion of Year 10 St
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Figure 95. Proportion of Year 10 St
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TOBACCO USE IN YOUNG PEOPLEIntroduc
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Figure 96. Daily Smoking Rates in Y
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2009 New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey
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Source of Tobacco in the Last Month
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Carson KV, et al. 2011. Community i
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Other Relevant PublicationsMāori A
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Other Cochrane Systematic Reviews o
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ALCOHOL-RELATED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS
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Figure 100. Alcohol-Related Hospita
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Table 45. Listed External Causes of
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Shults RA, et al. 2009. Effectivene
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Mortality from conditions with a so
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Table 50. Mortality from Conditions
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Figure 105. Hospital Admissions for
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Table 55. Hospital Admissions for C
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Table 57. Hospital Admissions for C
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Midland Region Distribution by Caus
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Figure 107. Hospital Admissions for
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INFANT MORTALITY AND SUDDEN UNEXPEC
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 111. Total Infant Mortality,
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Table 62. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Table 65. Neonatal and Post Neonata
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Distribution by Ethnicity, NZ Depri
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Figure 116. Sudden Unexpected Death
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Vennemann M, et al. 2007. Do immuni
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with a review of interventions aime
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Page 284 and 285: Family ViolenceDefinitions and New
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Page 294 and 295: antenatal care, including two nutri
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Page 298 and 299: Alcohol and Other DrugsNational and
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Page 304 and 305: interventions to treat antenatal de
Page 306 and 307: In ConclusionWhile it is hoped that
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Page 310 and 311: Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Page 316 and 317: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 318 and 319: Other Systematic ReviewsLouwers ECF
Page 320 and 321: INJURIES ARISING FROM ASSAULT IN YO
Page 322 and 323: New Zealand Distribution by Age and
Page 324 and 325: Midland Region Distribution and Tre
Page 326 and 327: Local Policy Documents and Evidence
Page 328 and 329: Flood M & Fergus L. 2008. An Assaul
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Page 340 and 341: Data Source and MethodsDefinition1.
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Page 352 and 353: oader contextual influences on the
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Page 356 and 357: Williams SB, et al. 2009. Screening
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Page 368 and 369: IN-DEPTH TOPIC: MENTAL HEALTH ISSUE
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A diagnosis of conduct disorder acc
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programme using a questionnaire. Si
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developmentally appropriate diagnos
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playthings or the environment, appe
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state more than it cost) provided t
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Table 97. Children and Young People
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Midland Region DistributionChildren
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ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: L
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Table 101. Hospital Admissions for
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Numbers Accessing Services by Diagn
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Table 103. Young People Aged 15-24
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Table 108. Proportion of Young Peop
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Midland Region DistributionAmongst
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Fletcher A, et al. 2008. School Eff
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New Zealand Distribution and Trends
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Figure 138. Mortality from Suicide
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Figure 139. Mortality from Suicide
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Ougrin D & Latif S. 2011. Specific
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426
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428
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Guide to Community Preventive Servi
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information on all of the events oc
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3. In addition, some providers admi
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as in the majority of the analyses
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APPENDIX 5: THE NATIONAL MORTALITYC
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As a result of these changes, there
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2. Research also suggests that ethn
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APPENDIX 8: POLICE AREA BOUNDARIESF
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Figure 142. Police Area Boundaries
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3. The condition exhibits a socioec
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REFERENCES1. Children's Commissione
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33. Mackay R. 2005. The Impact of F
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71. Ministry of Health. 2011. Immun
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107. ASH New Zealand. 2011. Nationa
Page 458 and 459:
141. Child and Youth Mortality Revi
Page 460 and 461:
175. Pihama L. 2011. Overview of M
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208. King-Hele S, Webb RT, Mortense
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244. Nelson Marlborough District He
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274. Ramsay J, Carter Y, Davidson L
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306. Jewkes R. 2002. Intimate partn
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347. Heflinger CA, Hinshaw SP. 2010
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376. Ministry of Education. 2012. W
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410. Ministry of Health. 2001. New
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443. Zeanah PD, Bailey LO, Berry S.
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480. Weinberg MK, Olson KL, Beeghly
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