A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

First International Conference for the revision of the International (Bertillon)
Classification of Causes of Death. See 1909.
First Congress of the International Council of Nurses held in Buffalo, USA.
The Society for the Study of Children's Diseases founded in London, but later declined.
See 1928.
"The Interpretation of Dreams" by S Freud (1856-1939, Austrian psychiatrist)
published.
Max Planck (1858-1947, German physicist) expounded his quantum theory.
GJ Mendel's papers on genetics discovered (see 1865). See 1902.
London University reconstructed; and Birmingham University founded.
1901 The census (31 March) included, for the first time, questions on the number of rooms
per household. The population of England and Wales was estimated to be 32.5 million with
32 per cent under the age of 15 years, and 4.7 per cent aged 65 or over; 80 per cent lived in
urban areas; 6.4 per cent of the national income came from agriculture.
Registrar General's Weekly Returns expanded and extended to the county of London
and 32 large towns.
A variant of the first International Classification of Diseases introduced.
Factory and Workshop Act (1 Edw.VII c.22), a major act, dealt with health and safety;
employment and education of children; dangerous and unhealthy industries; fire escapes;
fencing of machinery; meal times; overtime; night work; homework; wages; and
administration and legal proceedings. Sanitary conditions of factories, workshops and
workplaces to be supervised by inspectors from the local authorities, and other matters by the
factory inspectors. Accidents and certain diseases became notifiable by the attending medical
practitioner to the chief inspector of factories at the Home Office. The minimum working age
was raised to 12 and periodic medical examinations of young people introduced. See 1907.
Isolation Hospitals Act (1 Edw.VII c.8) amended administrative details of the 1893
act.
Education (Scotland) Act (64 Vict. and 1 Edw.VII, c.9) regulated the employment and
school attendance of children in Scotland; and made it a "duty of every parent to provide
efficient elementary education in reading, writing and arithmetic for his children" aged
between 5 and 14 years. See 1908.
Interim Report of the Committee, appointed in 1898, to inquire into the treating and
disposing of sewage (final report published in 1916).
Outbreak of smallpox, continued into 1903.
"Poverty, A Study of Town Life" by B Seebohm Rowntree (1871-1954, industrialist)
published. A second survey of York was carried out in 1936 and published in 1941.
"The State and the Doctor" by Sidney Webb (1859-1947, social reformer and founder
of the London School of Economics) and Beatrice Webb (1858-1943) published.
1901 Cont - 1903
1901 cont "Biometrika" first published.
1902 Midwives Act (2 Edw.VII, c.17) created the Central Midwives Board with
responsibility for the registration of midwives, rules for their training and examination, and
the regulation of their practice; limited the use of the term "midwife"; and made the councils
of the counties and county boroughs the local supervising authorities. See 1915 (Scotland)
and 1918.
Education Act (2 Edw.VII, c.42) (Balfour's Act) replaced school boards with new local