A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

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Liverpool Medical Institution founded.
1797 Cont - 1799 1797 cont "The State of the Poor" by FM Eden (1766-1809, chairman of the Globe Insurance Co.) published; showed the contrast between conditions in the north and south of England, with higher wages and better diets in the north compared to the lower wages and poorer diets of the agriculture workers in the south. Bank notes for £1 and £2 first introduced in England. 1798-1802 First Napoleonic Wars. 1798 "An Essay on the Principle of Population" by TR Malthus (1766-1834, political economist) published; sixth edition 1826. 1799 Act to Prevent Unlawful Combinations of Workmen (39 Geo.III, c.81) (Combination Act) made trade unions and meetings of men to discuss wages and hours of work illegal. Repealed in 1824. See 1871. Income tax introduced for the first time, at two pence in the pound for those with incomes of more than £60 a year rising to two shillings in the pound on incomes of more than £200 a year. The tax lapsed in 1802; was re-introduced in 1806. See 1815. Robert Owen (1771-1858, socialist, philanthropist and industrialist) bought New Lanark Mills and later constructed houses for his employees nearby. In 1816 he opened a school for his employees' children. See 1802. Between 1791 and 1799 "Statistical Account of Scotland" by Sir John Sinclair (1754- 1835, agriculturist and member of Parliament) was published in 20 volumes: described as "An inquiry into the state of a country for the purpose of ascertaining the quantum of happiness enjoyed by its inhabitants and the means of its future enlargement". See 1825. 1800 – 1805 1800 The Population Act (41 Geo.III c.15) enabled " an account of the population of Great Britain to be taken". Until 1920 an act had to be passed prior to each census. See 1801. A local Police Act for Glasgow, and another in 1807, contained provisions regarding the cleansing of pavements and closes; removal of dung; and the construction of footpaths. See 1832 and 1862. College of Surgeons of London founded. See 1843. 1801 The first census of the population of Great Britain was carried out on March 10th by a house-to-house enquiry together with returns of baptisms and burials between 1700 and 1800, and marriages between 1754 and 1800 as supplied by the clergy. The details included the number of inhabited and uninhabited houses, the number of families occupying the former, the number of persons of each sex, and the numbers of people employed in agriculture, trade, manufacture or handicrafts. The enumerators in England and Wales were the overseers of the poor, local clergy or other substantial householders; in Scotland they were the schoolmasters. The local returns were statistical summaries only, made in a prescribed form and attested before the justices of the peace. The first abstracts and reports of the results of the census were compiled by John Rickman (1771-1840, clerk in the House of Commons) and published in December. The population in England and Wales was counted as 8.9 million, but if allowance is made for under-recording the total was estimated at 9.2 million.
Page 1 and 2: A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
Page 3 and 4: Published by Faculty of Public Heal
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
Page 9 and 10: 2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
Page 11 and 12: The Norman conquest of England in 1
Page 13 and 14: 1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
Page 15 and 16: 1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
Page 17 and 18: 1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
Page 19 and 20: 1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
Page 21 and 22: 1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
Page 23 and 24: Branding and slavery imposed as the
Page 25: 1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
Page 28 and 29: 1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
Page 30 and 31: 1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
Page 32 and 33: 1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
Page 34 and 35: 1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
Page 36 and 37: 1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
Page 38 and 39: 1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
Page 40 and 41: 1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
Page 42 and 43: Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
Page 44 and 45: Vienna) published; the last volume
Page 46 and 47: 1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
Page 50 and 51: First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
Page 52 and 53: were passed by the Commons in 1816,
Page 54 and 55: 1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
Page 56 and 57: 1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
Page 59 and 60: 1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
Page 61 and 62: Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
Page 63 and 64: pressing, for the relief of the lab
Page 65 and 66: The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
Page 67 and 68: Final Report of the Royal Commissio
Page 69 and 70: College, soon to be Manchester Univ
Page 71 and 72: Societies, and enabled trade unions
Page 73 and 74: 1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
Page 75 and 76: ecommendations was the establishmen
Page 77 and 78: 1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
Page 79 and 80: Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
Page 81 and 82: emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
Page 83 and 84: under the control of the poor law a
Page 85 and 86: commission's view that in some dist
Page 87 and 88: spirits; limited the number of such
Page 89 and 90: 1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
Page 91 and 92: central inspectorate. See 1883 and
Page 93 and 94: Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
Page 95 and 96: (later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
Page 97 and 98: sanitary and safety matters includi
Page 99 and 100:
Elementary Education (School Attend
Page 101 and 102:
1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
Page 103 and 104:
developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
Page 105 and 106:
education authorities, which were g
Page 107 and 108:
examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
Page 109 and 110:
children. It gave powers for the re
Page 111 and 112:
the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
Page 113 and 114:
1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
Page 115 and 116:
1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
Page 117 and 118:
The first ante-natal clinic opened
Page 119 and 120:
Medical Women's Federation founded.
Page 121 and 122:
League of Nations was created. See
Page 123 and 124:
age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
Page 125 and 126:
Ministry of Labour Committee on the
Page 127 and 128:
wider the scope of these services,
Page 129 and 130:
school leaving age should be raised
Page 131 and 132:
1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
Page 133 and 134:
Fourth Revision of the Internationa
Page 135 and 136:
1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
Page 137 and 138:
National Health Insurance Scheme pr
Page 139 and 140:
Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
Page 141 and 142:
the London County Council; and the
Page 143 and 144:
1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
Page 145 and 146:
department of state, and recommende
Page 147 and 148:
defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
Page 149 and 150:
1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
Page 151 and 152:
egional hospital boards, boards of
Page 153 and 154:
Health during the war (see 1941). "
Page 155 and 156:
The Local Government Boundary Commi
Page 157:
Officers); and, made the Home Offic
Page 160 and 161:
King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
Page 162 and 163:
1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
Page 164 and 165:
1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
Page 166 and 167:
"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
Page 168 and 169:
double helical structure of deoxyri
Page 170 and 171:
The Acton Society Trust, funded by
Page 172 and 173:
1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
Page 174 and 175:
Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
Page 176 and 177:
introduction of a national qualific
Page 178 and 179:
1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
Page 180 and 181:
authority, with counties (with powe
Page 182 and 183:
1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
Page 184 and 185:
Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
Page 186 and 187:
1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
Page 188 and 189:
carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
Page 190 and 191:
1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
Page 192 and 193:
1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
Page 194 and 195:
1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
Page 196 and 197:
Elderly in Government Institutions
Page 198 and 199:
Medicines Commission, which set up
Page 200 and 201:
group therapy, therapeutic communit
Page 202 and 203:
(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
Page 204 and 205:
The abolition of capital punishment
Page 206 and 207:
1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
Page 208 and 209:
county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
Page 210 and 211:
stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
Page 212 and 213:
1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
Page 214 and 215:
physician, the nursing officer, a l
Page 216 and 217:
and a small number of
Page 218 and 219:
1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
Page 220 and 221:
helping people to use the procedure
Page 222 and 223:
Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
Page 224 and 225:
1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
Page 226 and 227:
1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
Page 228 and 229:
"The School Health Service 1908-74"
Page 230 and 231:
Layfield) reported. The Committee d
Page 232 and 233:
personal (as distinct from the clin
Page 234 and 235:
1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
Page 236 and 237:
1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
Page 238 and 239:
health and medical care, there rema
Page 240 and 241:
area tier and establishing district
Page 242 and 243:
1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
Page 244 and 245:
Advisory Service, from whom it had
Page 246 and 247:
and required that provision for spe
Page 248 and 249:
established the Audit Commission in
Page 250 and 251:
Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
Page 252 and 253:
1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
Page 254 and 255:
1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
Page 256 and 257:
"Quality in General Practice" publi
Page 258 and 259:
1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
Page 260 and 261:
1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
Page 262 and 263:
1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
Page 264 and 265:
House of Commons Social Services Co
Page 266 and 267:
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
Page 268 and 269:
water and the disposal of sewage. S
Page 270 and 271:
1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
Page 272 and 273:
National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
Page 274 and 275:
A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
Page 276 and 277:
Environment Act (c.25) established
Page 278 and 279:
esearch). Demands for more money fo
Page 280 and 281:
1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
Page 282 and 283:
historic boundaries between academi
Page 284 and 285:
zones; introduced the category of f
Page 286 and 287:
supervision of patients in the comm
Page 288 and 289:
1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
Page 290 and 291:
1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
Page 292 and 293:
opportunities; and particular initi
Page 294 and 295:
that where possible two adjacent ho
Page 296 and 297:
Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
Page 298 and 299:
TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
Page 300 and 301:
APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
Page 302:
APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
Page 305 and 306:
APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
Page 307 and 308:
Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
Page 309 and 310:
Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
Page 311 and 312:
Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
Page 313 and 314:
INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
Page 315 and 316:
Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
Page 317 and 318:
INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
Page 319 and 320:
INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
Page 321 and 322:
INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
Page 323 and 324:
Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
Page 325 and 326:
Elderly at Home. A Study of People
Page 327 and 328:
INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
Page 329 and 330:
INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
Page 331 and 332:
Reform of Local Government in Engla
Page 333 and 334:
Towards an Integrated Child Health
Page 335 and 336:
Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
Page 337 and 338:
Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
Page 339 and 340:
Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
Page 341 and 342:
Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
Page 343 and 344:
Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
Page 345 and 346:
Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
Page 347 and 348:
Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
Page 349 and 350:
Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
Page 351 and 352:
Gibb, G.D. 1981
Page 353 and 354:
Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
Page 355 and 356:
GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
Page 357 and 358:
Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
Page 359 and 360:
"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
Page 361 and 362:
Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
Page 363 and 364:
Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
Page 365 and 366:
Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
Page 367 and 368:
GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
Page 369 and 370:
GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
Page 371 and 372:
Old age pensions (see also National
Page 373 and 374:
"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
Page 375 and 376:
GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
Page 377 and 378:
GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
Page 379 and 380:
GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
Page 381 and 382:
GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
Page 383 and 384:
Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
Page 385 and 386:
GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
Page 387 and 388:
GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
Page 389 and 390:
GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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