A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

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1862 and 1891. The first "cottage hospital" opened at Cranleigh in Surrey; gradually other small hospitals were built in small towns in rural areas and in the suburbs of large towns. 1859 Cont - 1861 1859 cont The first "home" or "district" nurse appointed in Liverpool. See 1874. Royal College of Surgeons first granted the Licence in Dental Surgery (LDS). The Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, Brompton, London, and the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, Queen Square, London, founded. "Origin of the Species", by Charles Darwin (1809-82), published. 1860 Adulteration of Food Act (23&24 Vict., c.84) empowered local authorities to control adulteration of food and drink. See 1872. Nuisances Removal Act (23&24 Vict., c.77) restored the Guardians as the authority to execute the 1855 Act. See 1866. Prisons (Scotland) Administration Act (24&25 Vict., c.100 reformed the governance of prisons. See 1865. Pressure mounted to reform Poor Law Medical Relief and a Medical Relief Bill was presented to Parliament, but rejected. The Poor Law Board issued "Consolidated Orders Respecting Medical Relief". See 1861. Select Committee on Lunatics received substantial evidence of wrongful detention and abuse of patients, but its recommendations were not acted on. See 1877. The Nightingale School of Nursing established at St Thomas' Hospital, London. 1861 Start of the American Civil War. Census (7 April) estimated the population of England and Wales as 20.1 million, 35 per cent aged under 15 years and 4 per cent 65 years or more. For the first time a separate census was held in Scotland conducted by the Registrar-General for Scotland. Offences against the Person Act (24&25 Vict., c.100) consolidated and amended the laws concerning murder, manslaughter, endangering life, bodily injury, assaults, rape, carnal knowledge, bigamy, sodomy, bestiality and the use of drugs or instruments to induce an abortion (see 1936). In regard to vehicles the act stated "Whosoever, having charge of any carriage or vehicle, shall by wanton or furious driving or racing, or other wilful misconduct, or by wilful neglect, do or cause to be done any bodily harm to any person whatsoever shall be guilty of a misdemeanour ... liable to two years imprisonment with or without hard labour". Local Government Act (1858) Amendment Act (24&25 Vict., c.61) amended the 1858 act, by requiring local authorities to purify sewerage before discharging it into natural waterways. Locomotives Act (24&25 Vict., c.70) regulated the use of locomotives on turnpikes and other roads; enabled special tolls to be levied on such vehicles; required the vehicles to consume their own smoke; and introduced weight restrictions when crossing bridges. See 1865. Royal Commission (chairman, the Duke of Newcastle, 1811-64) on the Present State of Popular Education in England reported that many elementary subjects were badly taught; that attendance in the rural schools was extremely irregular, many children not attending at all; most boys left school at the age of ten or eleven; and there were insufficient places for all children in the country. The Commission recommended the creation of local boards of education with power to collect a school rate and to build schools. One result of its
ecommendations was the establishment in 1862 of a system of payment " by results" in which the amount of the grant paid by the government to each school was decided by the attendance records of all children and the number passing an annual examination in reading, writing and arithmetic conducted by a school inspector. The system was modified in 1867 and abolished in 1904. See 1870.
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
Page 23 and 24: Branding and slavery imposed as the
Page 25: 1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
Page 28 and 29: 1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
Page 30 and 31: 1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
Page 32 and 33: 1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
Page 34 and 35: 1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
Page 36 and 37: 1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
Page 38 and 39: 1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
Page 40 and 41: 1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
Page 42 and 43: Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
Page 44 and 45: Vienna) published; the last volume
Page 46 and 47: 1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
Page 48 and 49: Liverpool Medical Institution found
Page 50 and 51: First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
Page 52 and 53: were passed by the Commons in 1816,
Page 54 and 55: 1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
Page 56 and 57: 1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
Page 59 and 60: 1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
Page 61 and 62: Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
Page 63 and 64: pressing, for the relief of the lab
Page 65 and 66: The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
Page 67 and 68: Final Report of the Royal Commissio
Page 69 and 70: College, soon to be Manchester Univ
Page 71 and 72: Societies, and enabled trade unions
Page 73: 1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
Page 77 and 78: 1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
Page 79 and 80: Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
Page 81 and 82: emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
Page 83 and 84: under the control of the poor law a
Page 85 and 86: commission's view that in some dist
Page 87 and 88: spirits; limited the number of such
Page 89 and 90: 1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
Page 91 and 92: central inspectorate. See 1883 and
Page 93 and 94: Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
Page 95 and 96: (later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
Page 97 and 98: sanitary and safety matters includi
Page 99 and 100: Elementary Education (School Attend
Page 101 and 102: 1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
Page 103 and 104: developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
Page 105 and 106: education authorities, which were g
Page 107 and 108: examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
Page 109 and 110: children. It gave powers for the re
Page 111 and 112: the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
Page 113 and 114: 1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
Page 115 and 116: 1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
Page 117 and 118: The first ante-natal clinic opened
Page 119 and 120: Medical Women's Federation founded.
Page 121 and 122: League of Nations was created. See
Page 123 and 124: age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
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Ministry of Labour Committee on the
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wider the scope of these services,
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school leaving age should be raised
Page 131 and 132:
1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
Page 133 and 134:
Fourth Revision of the Internationa
Page 135 and 136:
1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
Page 137 and 138:
National Health Insurance Scheme pr
Page 139 and 140:
Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
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the London County Council; and the
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1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
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department of state, and recommende
Page 147 and 148:
defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
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1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
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egional hospital boards, boards of
Page 153 and 154:
Health during the war (see 1941). "
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The Local Government Boundary Commi
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Officers); and, made the Home Offic
Page 160 and 161:
King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
Page 162 and 163:
1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
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1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
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"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
Page 168 and 169:
double helical structure of deoxyri
Page 170 and 171:
The Acton Society Trust, funded by
Page 172 and 173:
1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
Page 174 and 175:
Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
Page 176 and 177:
introduction of a national qualific
Page 178 and 179:
1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
Page 182 and 183:
1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
Page 184 and 185:
Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
Page 186 and 187:
1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
Page 188 and 189:
carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
Page 190 and 191:
1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
Page 192 and 193:
1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
Page 194 and 195:
1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
Page 196 and 197:
Elderly in Government Institutions
Page 198 and 199:
Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
Page 202 and 203:
(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
Page 204 and 205:
The abolition of capital punishment
Page 206 and 207:
1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
Page 222 and 223:
Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
Page 224 and 225:
1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
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"The School Health Service 1908-74"
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Layfield) reported. The Committee d
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personal (as distinct from the clin
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1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
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1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
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health and medical care, there rema
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area tier and establishing district
Page 242 and 243:
1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
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Advisory Service, from whom it had
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and required that provision for spe
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established the Audit Commission in
Page 250 and 251:
Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
Page 252 and 253:
1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
Page 254 and 255:
1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
Page 256 and 257:
"Quality in General Practice" publi
Page 258 and 259:
1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
Page 260 and 261:
1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
Page 262 and 263:
1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
Page 264 and 265:
House of Commons Social Services Co
Page 266 and 267:
The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
Page 268 and 269:
water and the disposal of sewage. S
Page 270 and 271:
1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
Page 272 and 273:
National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
Page 274 and 275:
A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
Page 276 and 277:
Environment Act (c.25) established
Page 278 and 279:
esearch). Demands for more money fo
Page 280 and 281:
1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
Page 286 and 287:
supervision of patients in the comm
Page 288 and 289:
1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
Page 296 and 297:
Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
Page 309 and 310:
Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
Page 313 and 314:
INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
Page 317 and 318:
INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
Page 319 and 320:
INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
Page 321 and 322:
INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
Page 323 and 324:
Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
Page 325 and 326:
Elderly at Home. A Study of People
Page 327 and 328:
INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
Page 331 and 332:
Reform of Local Government in Engla
Page 333 and 334:
Towards an Integrated Child Health
Page 335 and 336:
Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
Page 337 and 338:
Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
Page 339 and 340:
Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
Page 341 and 342:
Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
Page 343 and 344:
Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
Page 345 and 346:
Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
Page 347 and 348:
Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
Page 349 and 350:
Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
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Gibb, G.D. 1981
Page 353 and 354:
Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
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GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
Page 357 and 358:
Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
Page 359 and 360:
"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
Page 361 and 362:
Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
Page 363 and 364:
Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
Page 365 and 366:
Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
Page 367 and 368:
GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
Page 369 and 370:
GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
Page 371 and 372:
Old age pensions (see also National
Page 373 and 374:
"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
Page 375 and 376:
GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
Page 377 and 378:
GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
Page 379 and 380:
GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
Page 381 and 382:
GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
Page 383 and 384:
Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
Page 385 and 386:
GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
Page 387 and 388:
GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
Page 389 and 390:
GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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