A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

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1908 Cont - 1909 1908 cont person"; established children's courts and what later became remand homes; regulated aspects of the employment of children; and forbade the sale of tobacco to persons under the age of 18 years. See 1932. London County Council (General Powers) Act (Local Act c.VII ) empowered the sanitary authorities in London to appoint health visitors and to prescribe their training and qualifications. A national requirement for holding a recognised qualification for health visitors did not come in until 1924. Education (Scotland) Act (8 Edw.VII, c.63) required Scottish education authorities to medically examine all children attending the authorities' schools and empowered school boards to provide medical attendance, food and clothes for children whose parents were unable so to do. See 1913. Coal Mines Regulation Act (8 Edw.VII, c.57), for the first time, limited the hours of work of adult males; the limit was eight hours per day. During his speech on the Bill, Winston Churchill, President of the Board of Trade, said "the general march of industrial democracy is not towards inadequate hours of work, but towards sufficient hours of leisure. . . (working people) demand time to look about them, time to see their homes by daylight, to see their children, time to think and read and cultivate their gardens - time, in short, to live." See 1911. Royal Commission on the Care of the Feeble-Minded, Cd. 4202, (chairman, the Earl of Radnor) propounded four principles: need for protection; absence of social condemnation; ascertainment; and administrative responsibility. Led to the 1913 act. Charles Mantoux (1877-1947, French bacteriologist) introduced an intradermal tuberculin skin test. AE Garrod (1857-1936, paediatrician at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London) identified a genetic metabolic abnormality, for the first time. HW Geiger (1882-1945) developed a counter for detecting radioactivity. "The Medical Officer", a weekly journal for doctors in the public health services, started publication, edited by Sir George Elliston (1875-1954) and later by his son GLC Elliston. In 1958 it published a jubilee review number; in 1971 its title was changed to "Community Medicine", and in 1973 it ceased independent publication. 1909 Housing, Town Planning, Etc. Act (9 Edw.VII, c.44) empowered (but did not compel) local authorities to control the use and development of land; attempted to ensure that builders should adopt proper standards of building and layout; and gave the Government power to force local authorities to carry out slum clearance. The act also included a requirement for county councils to appoint full-time medical officers of health who could only be dismissed with the consent of the Local Government Board. See 1917 and 1919. Local Education Authorities (Medical Treatment) Act (9 Edw.VII, c.13) provided for the recovery of costs for medical treatment of children attending elementary schools. See 1914. Labour Exchanges Act (9 Edw.VII, c.7) led to the setting up of labour exchanges to provide information about available work; and extended the provisions of the 1905 Act. Trades Boards Act (9 Edw.VII, c.22) established the principle of minimum wages in defined occupations; established new trade boards; and powers to prosecute any employer exploiting his employees. See 1918. Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress, Cd.4499, (chairman, GF Hamilton, later Lord, 1845-1927, statesman) reported. There was unanimous agreement that
the Poor Law needed to be reshaped, public attitudes changed, and the boards of guardians replaced; more help was needed for old people, children and the unemployed; school leaving age should
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
Page 59 and 60: 1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
Page 61 and 62: Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
Page 63 and 64: pressing, for the relief of the lab
Page 65 and 66: The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
Page 67 and 68: Final Report of the Royal Commissio
Page 69 and 70: College, soon to be Manchester Univ
Page 71 and 72: Societies, and enabled trade unions
Page 73 and 74: 1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
Page 75 and 76: ecommendations was the establishmen
Page 77 and 78: 1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
Page 79 and 80: Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
Page 81 and 82: emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
Page 83 and 84: under the control of the poor law a
Page 85 and 86: commission's view that in some dist
Page 87 and 88: spirits; limited the number of such
Page 89 and 90: 1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
Page 91 and 92: central inspectorate. See 1883 and
Page 93 and 94: Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
Page 95 and 96: (later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
Page 97 and 98: sanitary and safety matters includi
Page 99 and 100: Elementary Education (School Attend
Page 101 and 102: 1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
Page 103 and 104: developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
Page 105 and 106: education authorities, which were g
Page 107 and 108: examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
Page 109: children. It gave powers for the re
Page 113 and 114: 1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
Page 115 and 116: 1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
Page 117 and 118: The first ante-natal clinic opened
Page 119 and 120: Medical Women's Federation founded.
Page 121 and 122: League of Nations was created. See
Page 123 and 124: age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
Page 125 and 126: Ministry of Labour Committee on the
Page 127 and 128: wider the scope of these services,
Page 129 and 130: school leaving age should be raised
Page 131 and 132: 1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
Page 133 and 134: Fourth Revision of the Internationa
Page 135 and 136: 1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
Page 137 and 138: National Health Insurance Scheme pr
Page 139 and 140: Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
Page 141 and 142: the London County Council; and the
Page 143 and 144: 1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
Page 145 and 146: department of state, and recommende
Page 147 and 148: defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
Page 149 and 150: 1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
Page 151 and 152: egional hospital boards, boards of
Page 153 and 154: Health during the war (see 1941). "
Page 155 and 156: The Local Government Boundary Commi
Page 157: Officers); and, made the Home Offic
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King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
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1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
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1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
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"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
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double helical structure of deoxyri
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The Acton Society Trust, funded by
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1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
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Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
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introduction of a national qualific
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1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
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1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
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Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
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1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
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carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
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1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
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1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
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1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
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Elderly in Government Institutions
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Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
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(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
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The abolition of capital punishment
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1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
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Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
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1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
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"The School Health Service 1908-74"
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Layfield) reported. The Committee d
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personal (as distinct from the clin
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1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
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1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
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health and medical care, there rema
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area tier and establishing district
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1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
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Advisory Service, from whom it had
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and required that provision for spe
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established the Audit Commission in
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Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
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1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
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1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
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"Quality in General Practice" publi
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1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
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1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
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1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
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House of Commons Social Services Co
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
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water and the disposal of sewage. S
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1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
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National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
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A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
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Environment Act (c.25) established
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esearch). Demands for more money fo
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1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
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supervision of patients in the comm
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1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
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Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
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Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
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INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
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INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
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INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
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INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
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Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
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Elderly at Home. A Study of People
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
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Reform of Local Government in Engla
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Towards an Integrated Child Health
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Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
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Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
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Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
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Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
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Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
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Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
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Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
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Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
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Gibb, G.D. 1981
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Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
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GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
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Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
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"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
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Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
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Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
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Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
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GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
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Old age pensions (see also National
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"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
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GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
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GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
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GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
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Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
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GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
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GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
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GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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