A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

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The Voluntary Hospitals Committee of the Ministry of Health, Cmd.2486, (chairman, Lord Onslow, see 1921) concluded that 10,000 more hospital beds were required, and that State grants up to half of the capital costs should be available up to a maximum of £400 per bed. The recommendation was rejected in 1926. See 1937. 1925 Cont - 1926 1925 cont The School of Pharmacy (see 1842) became a School of London University. The first diabetic patient in the UK was treated successfully with insulin at Guy's Hospital, London. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, opened by King George V. Order given for the painting of white lines on roads in an attempt to reduce traffic accidents. 1926 Local Government (County Boroughs and Adjustments) Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.38) raised the minimum population required for acquiring county borough status from 50,000 to 75,000, and introduced more stringent procedures for securing this status. In 1926 there were 83 county boroughs compared to 61 that were created by the 1888 Act. Boards of Guardians (Default) Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.20) gave powers to the Minister of Health to replace elected boards of guardians by nominees of his own and led to a tightening of administration. Housing (Rural Workers) Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.56) enabled county and county borough councils to make grants or loans to provide housing or to improve housing for agricultural workers. See 1930. Public Health (Smoke Abatement) Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.43) enabled local authorities to make by-laws to control the emission of smoke. See 1929. Births and Deaths Registration Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.48) required a registrar's certificate or coroner's order before burial or cremation, with an additional medical certificate before cremation; and, required stillbirths to be registered. See 1938. Adoption of Children Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.29) provided for the adoption of infants and the maintenance of a register of adopted children by the Registrar General. See 1958. Legitimacy Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.60) provided for the re-registration of illegitimate births if the parents later married each other; and set out the rights of legitimised persons. See 1976. Midwives and Maternity Homes Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.32) amended the 1902 and 1918 acts; and provided for the registration and inspection of maternity homes. See 1927 and 1929. University of London Act (16&17 Geo.V, c.46), followed the report of the Committee chaired by Hilton Young (later Lord Kennet, 1879-1960, politician) which rejected many of the proposals of the Haldane Report (1913). The act imposed Commissioners on London University with the power to make new statutes. These were sealed in 1928. See 1972. Royal Commission on National Health Insurance, Cmd.2596, (chairman, Lord Lawrence) reported that the present scheme was inadequate and that there were wide variations between the approved societies in the provision of additional benefits. The Commission recognised the need for extension but was inhibited by the economic situation (there was 11 per cent unemployment in 1926) and the effects of increasing taxation on industry. The priorities of the Commission were the provision of specialist services and higher cash benefits. Dental treatment was considered desirable but too expensive and the extension of services to dependants would be prohibitively costly. The Report stated that "the
wider the scope of these services, the more difficult will it be to retain the insurance principle. The ultimate solution will lie, we think, in the direction of divorcing the medical service entirely from the insurance system and recognising it along with all the other public health activities as a service to be supported from the general public funds. Consideration would have to be given to the question of the classes of society for whom the service would be available and whether it should be so available on a free basis or with payments by insurance or otherwise". A penetrating reservation to the report was made by Sir Andrew Duncan (1884-1952) and Professor (later Sir) Alexander Gray (1882-1968,
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
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1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
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Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
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pressing, for the relief of the lab
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The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
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Final Report of the Royal Commissio
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College, soon to be Manchester Univ
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Societies, and enabled trade unions
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1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
Page 75 and 76: ecommendations was the establishmen
Page 77 and 78: 1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
Page 79 and 80: Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
Page 81 and 82: emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
Page 83 and 84: under the control of the poor law a
Page 85 and 86: commission's view that in some dist
Page 87 and 88: spirits; limited the number of such
Page 89 and 90: 1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
Page 91 and 92: central inspectorate. See 1883 and
Page 93 and 94: Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
Page 95 and 96: (later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
Page 97 and 98: sanitary and safety matters includi
Page 99 and 100: Elementary Education (School Attend
Page 101 and 102: 1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
Page 103 and 104: developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
Page 105 and 106: education authorities, which were g
Page 107 and 108: examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
Page 109 and 110: children. It gave powers for the re
Page 111 and 112: the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
Page 113 and 114: 1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
Page 115 and 116: 1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
Page 117 and 118: The first ante-natal clinic opened
Page 119 and 120: Medical Women's Federation founded.
Page 121 and 122: League of Nations was created. See
Page 123 and 124: age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
Page 125: Ministry of Labour Committee on the
Page 129 and 130: school leaving age should be raised
Page 131 and 132: 1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
Page 133 and 134: Fourth Revision of the Internationa
Page 135 and 136: 1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
Page 137 and 138: National Health Insurance Scheme pr
Page 139 and 140: Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
Page 141 and 142: the London County Council; and the
Page 143 and 144: 1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
Page 145 and 146: department of state, and recommende
Page 147 and 148: defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
Page 149 and 150: 1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
Page 151 and 152: egional hospital boards, boards of
Page 153 and 154: Health during the war (see 1941). "
Page 155 and 156: The Local Government Boundary Commi
Page 157: Officers); and, made the Home Offic
Page 160 and 161: King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
Page 162 and 163: 1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
Page 164 and 165: 1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
Page 166 and 167: "The Advance to Social Medicine" by
Page 168 and 169: double helical structure of deoxyri
Page 170 and 171: The Acton Society Trust, funded by
Page 172 and 173: 1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
Page 174 and 175: Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
Page 176 and 177:
introduction of a national qualific
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1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
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1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
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Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
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1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
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carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
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1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
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1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
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1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
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Elderly in Government Institutions
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Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
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(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
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The abolition of capital punishment
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1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
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Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
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1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
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"The School Health Service 1908-74"
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Layfield) reported. The Committee d
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personal (as distinct from the clin
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1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
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1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
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health and medical care, there rema
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area tier and establishing district
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1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
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Advisory Service, from whom it had
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and required that provision for spe
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established the Audit Commission in
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Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
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1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
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1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
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"Quality in General Practice" publi
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1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
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1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
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1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
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House of Commons Social Services Co
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
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water and the disposal of sewage. S
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1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
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National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
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A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
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Environment Act (c.25) established
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esearch). Demands for more money fo
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1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
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supervision of patients in the comm
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1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
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Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
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Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
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INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
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INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
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INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
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INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
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Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
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Elderly at Home. A Study of People
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
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Reform of Local Government in Engla
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Towards an Integrated Child Health
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Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
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Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
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Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
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Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
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Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
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Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
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Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
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Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
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Gibb, G.D. 1981
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Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
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GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
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Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
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"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
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Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
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Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
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Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
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GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
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Old age pensions (see also National
Page 373 and 374:
"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
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GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
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GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
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GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
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Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
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GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
Page 387 and 388:
GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
Page 389 and 390:
GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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