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Nottingham University 1948 GENERAL INDEX 35 Nuclear medicine 1950, 1968 Nuclear power - See Radioactivity Nuffield Foundation 1943, 1980, 1986 Nuffield (Provincial Hospitals) Trust 1940, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1961, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1978, 1985, 1987, 1993 Nuisances (see also Public Health and Sanitation) 1225, 1358, 1571, 1690, 1846, 1848, 1849, 1855, 1856 (Scotland), 1860, 1862 (Scotland), 1866, 1867 (Scotland), 1871, 1872, 1936, 1974 Nurse practitioners 1986 Nurseries and nursery schools 1918, 1948, 1996, 1997 Nurses and nursing education 1848, 1859, 1860, 1874, 1885, 1887, 1900, 1904, 1914, 1919, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1949, 1949 (Scotland), 1950, 1951 (Scotland), 1952, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999 Nurses, management and senior staff structure 1966, 1969 Nurses Pay Review Body 1982 Nursing degrees 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977 Nursing, Royal College of, 1916, 1934, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1950, 1958, 1960, 1964 Nursing agencies 1957 Nursing Association, Metropolitan and National 1874 Nursing homes 1936, 1938, 1963, 1975, 1984, 1987 (Scotland) "Nursing Mirror" 1886 Nursing Reconstruction Committee 1942, 1943, 1949, 1950 "Nursing Times" 1905 Nutrition (see also Malnutrition) 1933, 1936, 1974, 1976, 1984, 1991 Nyasaland 1928 "Observations on the Diseases of the Army" 1752 "Observations on the Management of the Poor in Scotland and its Effects on the Health of the Great Towns" 1840 Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of 1929, 1994 Obstetrics (see also midwifery) 1726, 1749, 1750, 1752, 1773, 1902, 1929, 1961, 1994, 1999 Occupational Health Nursing Certificate 1934 Occupational (industrial) medicine (see also Coal mines, Factories and Mines) 1700, 1796, 1832, 1843, 1855, 1856, 1862, 1878, 1918, 1919, 1934, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1984, 1985 Occupational Medicine, Faculty of 1978 Occupational Medicine, Society of 1935, 1985, 1967 Occupational therapists (see also Rehabilitation and Remedial professions) 1932, 1951, 1960, 1974, 1987 Occupational Therapists, British Association of 1974 Oddie, J.A. 1970 Offal 1388 L'Office International d'Hygiene Publique 1907, 1909 Office of National Statistics (ONS) 1996, 1997, 1999 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) 1970, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1988, 1996 Officers of Health - See Medical Officers of Health Offices 1960, 1963, 1974 Ogata, M. 1897 Ogston, F. 1857
Old age pensions (see also National Insurance and Social Security)1908, 1925,1959, 1995 Old people - See Aged people GENERAL INDEX 36 Ombudsman 1967, 1987, 1993, 1996 "On the Communication of Cholera" 1854 "On the Mode of Communication of Cholera" 1849 Onslow, Lord 1921, 1923, 1925 Open University 1969 Operational research 1962 Ophthalmia neonatorum 1914 Ophthalmic services 1946, 1951, 1971, appendix 1 Ophthalmologists, College of 1988 Opticians 1958, 1989 "Organisation of Medical Work in Hospitals" 1967, 1967 (Scotland), 1972, 1974 "The Origins of the National Health Service" 1967 "Origin of the Species" 1859 Orphans 1925 Orr, Sir John Boyd 1936, 1943 Orthoptists 1960 Osteopaths 1993 Otton, G.J. 1974 "An Outline of the Practice of Preventive Medicine" 1919 Outpatients 1870, 1968 Overcrowding (see also Housing) 1855, 1866 Overseers of the poor (see also relieving officers) 1572, 1597, 1662, 1744, 1792, 1795, 1865 Owen, R. 1799, 1819 Owen's College, Manchester, 1851 "The Oxford Textbook of Public Health" 1985 Oxford University 1187, 1511, 1852, 1854, 1874, 1878, 1879, 1920, 1943, Ozone layer 1974 Paediatrics 1769, 1784,1848, 1928, 1944, 1976, 1980 (Scotland), 1996 Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal College of 1996 Paget, Sir James 1871 Paige, D. 1966 Paige, V. 1985 Paine, T. 1791 Palliative care - See Hospices Pan American Sanitary Bureau 1902 Pankhurst, E. 1903 Papworth Hospital, Cambridge 1979 Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 1946 Paracelsus 1541 Paris Office 1907 Parish registers (see also Registration) 1538, 1653, 1695 Park, W.H. 1914 Parkes, E.A. 1864 Parkinson, G.S. 1920 Parkinson's disease 1967 Parliament 1265, 1322, 1348, 1356, 1547, 1832, 1867, 1872, 1884, 1885, 1911, 1949, 1958, 1969, 1993 (Scotland), 1998, 1999 Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration - See Ombudsman
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
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1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
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Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
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pressing, for the relief of the lab
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The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
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Final Report of the Royal Commissio
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College, soon to be Manchester Univ
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Societies, and enabled trade unions
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1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
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ecommendations was the establishmen
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1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
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Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
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emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
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under the control of the poor law a
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commission's view that in some dist
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spirits; limited the number of such
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1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
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central inspectorate. See 1883 and
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Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
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(later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
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sanitary and safety matters includi
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Elementary Education (School Attend
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1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
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developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
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education authorities, which were g
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examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
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children. It gave powers for the re
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the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
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1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
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1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
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The first ante-natal clinic opened
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Medical Women's Federation founded.
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League of Nations was created. See
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age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
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Ministry of Labour Committee on the
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wider the scope of these services,
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school leaving age should be raised
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1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
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Fourth Revision of the Internationa
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1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
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National Health Insurance Scheme pr
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Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
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the London County Council; and the
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1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
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department of state, and recommende
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defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
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1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
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egional hospital boards, boards of
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Health during the war (see 1941). "
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The Local Government Boundary Commi
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Officers); and, made the Home Offic
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King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
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1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
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1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
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"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
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double helical structure of deoxyri
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The Acton Society Trust, funded by
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1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
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Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
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introduction of a national qualific
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1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
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1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
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Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
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1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
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carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
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1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
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1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
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1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
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Elderly in Government Institutions
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Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
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(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
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The abolition of capital punishment
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1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
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Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
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1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
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"The School Health Service 1908-74"
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Layfield) reported. The Committee d
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personal (as distinct from the clin
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1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
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1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
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health and medical care, there rema
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area tier and establishing district
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1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
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Advisory Service, from whom it had
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and required that provision for spe
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established the Audit Commission in
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Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
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1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
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1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
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"Quality in General Practice" publi
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1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
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1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
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1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
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House of Commons Social Services Co
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
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water and the disposal of sewage. S
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1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
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National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
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A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
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Environment Act (c.25) established
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esearch). Demands for more money fo
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1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
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supervision of patients in the comm
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1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
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Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
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Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
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INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
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INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
Page 319 and 320: INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
Page 321 and 322: INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
Page 323 and 324: Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
Page 325 and 326: Elderly at Home. A Study of People
Page 327 and 328: INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
Page 329 and 330: INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
Page 331 and 332: Reform of Local Government in Engla
Page 333 and 334: Towards an Integrated Child Health
Page 335 and 336: Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
Page 337 and 338: Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
Page 339 and 340: Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
Page 341 and 342: Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
Page 343 and 344: Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
Page 345 and 346: Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
Page 347 and 348: Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
Page 349 and 350: Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
Page 351 and 352: Gibb, G.D. 1981
Page 353 and 354: Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
Page 355 and 356: GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
Page 357 and 358: Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
Page 359 and 360: "Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
Page 361 and 362: Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
Page 363 and 364: Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
Page 365 and 366: Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
Page 367 and 368: GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
Page 369: GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
Page 373 and 374: "Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
Page 375 and 376: GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
Page 377 and 378: GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
Page 379 and 380: GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
Page 381 and 382: GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
Page 383 and 384: Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
Page 385 and 386: GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
Page 387 and 388: GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
Page 389 and 390: GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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