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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan district councils and a number (undecided) of district councils; county councils and metropolitan district councils to be responsible for education and personal social services; and all the county councils to be responsible for planning, highways, police, fire
1971 Cont 1 1971 cont and some aspects of environmental control. The district councils to be responsible for some planning, housing, refuse collection and environmental health. Responsibility for the personal health services to be transferred to the new health authorities. See 1972. "The Future Shape of Local Government Finance" (Green Paper) discussed trends in local government expenditure; possible additional or alternative sources of local revenue such as local income tax, sales tax, payroll tax, lotteries; increasing the yield from rates; and the future system of local government grants. See 1981. The Department of Health and Social Security published "National Health Service Reorganisation" (consultative document) setting out the new government's proposals. It stated: "As the document's brief statement of the Government's proposals for a new health service structure makes clear, their essence - and their basic difference from earlier proposals - is the emphasis they place on effective management". The document repeated the proposals for area health authorities with responsibility for planning, organising and administering comprehensive health services to meet the needs of their areas; and for regional health authorities to be responsible for overall planning, allocating resources to the area authorities, and coordinating and monitoring their performance. The boundaries of the area authorities were to be the same as those of the new counties (except the metropolitan counties) and the metropolitan districts as proposed in the White Paper above. Each area health authority would be required to set up a committee to administer the contracts of the family doctors, dentists, pharmacists and opticians; each such committee to deal direct with, and be financed directly by, the Central Department (i.e. not through the regional authority). The membership of the regional and area authorities was to reflect managerial skills rather than representational functions in order to avoid "a dangerous confusion between management on the one hand and the community's reaction to management on the other". As a conduit for the community's reaction each area authority was to be required to set up a community health council for each of its constituent districts. See 1972. A consultative document, "National Health Service Reorganisation in Wales", followed the principles of the English document. See 1972. In Scotland a White Paper," Reorganisation of the Scottish Health Services", Cmnd. 4734, differed from the English and Welsh documents in giving less emphasis to the theme of management and more to effective partnership and strong professional consultative machinery. The proposals were for a single-tiered service based on 14 area health boards, all the members of which would be appointed by the Secretary of State. See 1972. The Sub-Committee on "The Organisation of Group Practice" (chairman, R Harvard Davies, 1924-99, general practitioner, later professor) of the Standing Medical Advisory Committee made recommendations about the roles of nurses, dentists, social workers, physiotherapists, pharmacists, chiropodists, and secretaries in group practices; about premises, equipment, records and organisation; relationships with hospitals; health education and preventive medicine; and the opportunities for research in general practice. See 1981. "Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped", Cmnd.4683, a policy document, reviewed current services and set out general principles and the actions needed to achieve them, in particular a shift of emphasis to community care which would require a rapid increase in local authorities' social services. See 1972. The Joint Working Party on "Doctors in an Integrated Health Service" (chairman, JHF Brotherston) set out the contributions of general practice, the specialist services and of community medicine; the functions and responsibilities of the medical advisory structure; and the need for more health services research. In regard to community medicine the report
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
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1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
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Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
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pressing, for the relief of the lab
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The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
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Final Report of the Royal Commissio
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College, soon to be Manchester Univ
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Societies, and enabled trade unions
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1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
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ecommendations was the establishmen
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1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
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Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
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emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
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under the control of the poor law a
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commission's view that in some dist
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spirits; limited the number of such
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1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
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central inspectorate. See 1883 and
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Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
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(later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
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sanitary and safety matters includi
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Elementary Education (School Attend
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1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
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developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
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education authorities, which were g
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examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
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children. It gave powers for the re
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the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
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1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
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1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
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The first ante-natal clinic opened
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Medical Women's Federation founded.
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League of Nations was created. See
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age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
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Ministry of Labour Committee on the
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wider the scope of these services,
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school leaving age should be raised
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1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
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Fourth Revision of the Internationa
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1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
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National Health Insurance Scheme pr
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Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
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the London County Council; and the
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1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
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department of state, and recommende
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defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
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1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
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egional hospital boards, boards of
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Health during the war (see 1941). "
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The Local Government Boundary Commi
Page 157: Officers); and, made the Home Offic
Page 160 and 161: King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
Page 162 and 163: 1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
Page 164 and 165: 1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
Page 166 and 167: "The Advance to Social Medicine" by
Page 168 and 169: double helical structure of deoxyri
Page 170 and 171: The Acton Society Trust, funded by
Page 172 and 173: 1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
Page 174 and 175: Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
Page 176 and 177: introduction of a national qualific
Page 178 and 179: 1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
Page 180 and 181: authority, with counties (with powe
Page 182 and 183: 1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
Page 184 and 185: Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
Page 186 and 187: 1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
Page 188 and 189: carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
Page 190 and 191: 1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
Page 192 and 193: 1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
Page 194 and 195: 1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
Page 196 and 197: Elderly in Government Institutions
Page 198 and 199: Medicines Commission, which set up
Page 200 and 201: group therapy, therapeutic communit
Page 202 and 203: (chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
Page 204 and 205: The abolition of capital punishment
Page 206 and 207: 1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
Page 210 and 211: stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
Page 212 and 213: 1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
Page 214 and 215: physician, the nursing officer, a l
Page 216 and 217: and a small number of
Page 218 and 219: 1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
Page 220 and 221: helping people to use the procedure
Page 222 and 223: Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
Page 224 and 225: 1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
Page 226 and 227: 1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
Page 228 and 229: "The School Health Service 1908-74"
Page 230 and 231: Layfield) reported. The Committee d
Page 232 and 233: personal (as distinct from the clin
Page 234 and 235: 1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
Page 236 and 237: 1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
Page 238 and 239: health and medical care, there rema
Page 240 and 241: area tier and establishing district
Page 242 and 243: 1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
Page 244 and 245: Advisory Service, from whom it had
Page 246 and 247: and required that provision for spe
Page 248 and 249: established the Audit Commission in
Page 250 and 251: Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
Page 252 and 253: 1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
Page 254 and 255: 1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
Page 256 and 257: "Quality in General Practice" publi
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1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
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1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
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1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
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House of Commons Social Services Co
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
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water and the disposal of sewage. S
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1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
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National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
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A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
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Environment Act (c.25) established
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esearch). Demands for more money fo
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1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
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supervision of patients in the comm
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1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
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Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
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Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
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INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
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INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
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INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
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INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
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Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
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Elderly at Home. A Study of People
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
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Reform of Local Government in Engla
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Towards an Integrated Child Health
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Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
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Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
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Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
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Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
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Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
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Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
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Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
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Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
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Gibb, G.D. 1981
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Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
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GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
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Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
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"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
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Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
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Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
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Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
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GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
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Old age pensions (see also National
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"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
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GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
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GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
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GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
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Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
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GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
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GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
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GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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