A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related ...

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esearch). Demands for more money for the NHS increased due to rising demand, increased activity, technological advances and rising overall costs. See 1997. A new complaints procedure was introduced into the NHS. 1996 Cont 1 1996 cont Specialist Medical Registration came into effect with the General Medical Council designated as the competent authority in the UK for the mutual recognition arrangements required by the European Community medical directive. The Office of National Statistics created by the amalgamation of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and the Central Statistical Office. Education Act (c.56) was a major consolidating act. See 1997. School Inspections Act (c.57) consolidated and amended sections of previous acts referring to the procedures for school inspections. Nursery Education and Grant Maintained Schools (c.50) enabled grants to be made in respect of nursery education; and permitted borrowing by grant maintained schools. See 1998. Education (Scotland) Act (c.43) provided for the establishment of the Scottish Qualification Authority. Family Law Act (c.27) made provisions with respect to divorce and separation; legal aid in family disputes; transfers of tenancies between spouses; etc. Health Service Commissioners (Amendment) Act (c.5) extended the powers of the Commissioners to enquire into administrative and organisational matters connected with the providers of general medical, dental and pharmaceutical services under the NHS. Community Care (Direct Payments) Act (c.30) enabled local authorities responsible for community care to make payments to persons to obtain services directly. See 1998. Noise Act (c.37) extended the powers of local authorities to take action against noise emitted from private dwellings at night. Employment Rights Act (c.18), a major act, giving a right to employees for a statement of employment particulars and itemised pay statements; and set out conditions concerning maternity rights, termination of employment, unfair dismissal and other matters. See 1998. Industrial Tribunals Act (c.17) consolidated previous acts. Housing Act (c.52) legislated in regard to rented accommodation; houses in multiple occupation; and the allocation of housing accommodation by local housing authorities. Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act (c.53) made provisions for grants and other assistance for housing purposes and clearance areas; and wound up urban development corporations, housing action trusts and the Commission for New Towns (1981). Asylum and Immigration Act (c.49) amended and extended previous acts. See 1998. Police Act (c.16) consolidated previous legislation. See 1997. Channel Tunnel Rail Link Act (c.61). A White Paper from the Department of Health, " The National Health Service: A Service with Ambitions", Cm.3425, reaffirmed the Government's commitment to the NHS and set out the principles on which the Service is based - universal population coverage; high quality care; available on the basis of clinical need; and responsive to the needs and wishes of patients and carers. The strategic objectives were defined as - a well-informed public; a seamless service; knowledge-based decision making; a highly trained and skilled workforce; and a responsive service. See 1998. Another White Paper, "Choice and Opportunity", Cm.3390, proposed to de-regulate general practice by allowing the development of pilot schemes such as salaried doctors within partnerships, practice-based contracts for nurses, therapists and managers, and a single budget
for general medical services, hospital and community health services and prescribing. See below and 1998. A third White Paper, "Primary Care: Delivering the Future", Cm.3512, set out further proposals and possible new models of primary care including better team working, better
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
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1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
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Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
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pressing, for the relief of the lab
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The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
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Final Report of the Royal Commissio
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College, soon to be Manchester Univ
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Societies, and enabled trade unions
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1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
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ecommendations was the establishmen
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1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
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Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
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emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
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under the control of the poor law a
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commission's view that in some dist
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spirits; limited the number of such
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1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
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central inspectorate. See 1883 and
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Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
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(later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
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sanitary and safety matters includi
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Elementary Education (School Attend
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1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
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developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
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education authorities, which were g
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examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
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children. It gave powers for the re
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the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
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1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
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1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
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The first ante-natal clinic opened
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Medical Women's Federation founded.
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League of Nations was created. See
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age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
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Ministry of Labour Committee on the
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wider the scope of these services,
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school leaving age should be raised
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1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
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Fourth Revision of the Internationa
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1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
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National Health Insurance Scheme pr
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Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
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the London County Council; and the
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1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
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department of state, and recommende
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defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
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1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
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egional hospital boards, boards of
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Health during the war (see 1941). "
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The Local Government Boundary Commi
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Officers); and, made the Home Offic
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King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
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1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
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1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
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"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
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double helical structure of deoxyri
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The Acton Society Trust, funded by
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1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
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Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
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introduction of a national qualific
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1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
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1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
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Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
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1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
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carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
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1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
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1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
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1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
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Elderly in Government Institutions
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Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
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(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
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The abolition of capital punishment
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1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
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Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
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1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
Page 228 and 229: "The School Health Service 1908-74"
Page 230 and 231: Layfield) reported. The Committee d
Page 232 and 233: personal (as distinct from the clin
Page 234 and 235: 1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
Page 236 and 237: 1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
Page 238 and 239: health and medical care, there rema
Page 240 and 241: area tier and establishing district
Page 242 and 243: 1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
Page 244 and 245: Advisory Service, from whom it had
Page 246 and 247: and required that provision for spe
Page 248 and 249: established the Audit Commission in
Page 250 and 251: Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
Page 252 and 253: 1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
Page 254 and 255: 1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
Page 256 and 257: "Quality in General Practice" publi
Page 258 and 259: 1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
Page 260 and 261: 1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
Page 262 and 263: 1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
Page 264 and 265: House of Commons Social Services Co
Page 266 and 267: The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
Page 268 and 269: water and the disposal of sewage. S
Page 270 and 271: 1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
Page 272 and 273: National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
Page 274 and 275: A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
Page 276 and 277: Environment Act (c.25) established
Page 280 and 281: 1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
Page 282 and 283: historic boundaries between academi
Page 284 and 285: zones; introduced the category of f
Page 286 and 287: supervision of patients in the comm
Page 288 and 289: 1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
Page 290 and 291: 1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
Page 292 and 293: opportunities; and particular initi
Page 294 and 295: that where possible two adjacent ho
Page 296 and 297: Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
Page 298 and 299: TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
Page 300 and 301: APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
Page 302: APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
Page 305 and 306: APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
Page 307 and 308: Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
Page 309 and 310: Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
Page 311 and 312: Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
Page 313 and 314: INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
Page 315 and 316: Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
Page 317 and 318: INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
Page 319 and 320: INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
Page 321 and 322: INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
Page 323 and 324: Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
Page 325 and 326: Elderly at Home. A Study of People
Page 327 and 328: INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 5 Integra
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INDEX OF OFFICIAL REPORTS 7 Nationa
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Reform of Local Government in Engla
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Towards an Integrated Child Health
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Alzheimer's disease (see also Aged
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Bethune, Robert de 1148 Beveridge,
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Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
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Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
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Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
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Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
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Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
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Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
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Gibb, G.D. 1981
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Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
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GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
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Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
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"Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
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Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
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Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
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Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
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GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
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Old age pensions (see also National
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"Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
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GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) he
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GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
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GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
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GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
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Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
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GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
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GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
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GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry
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