GENERAL INDEX 38 "Physical Training in Scotl<strong>and</strong>" 1903 Physicians, Royal College <strong>of</strong>, Edinburgh 1681, 1963, 1972 Physicians, Royal College <strong>of</strong>, Irel<strong>and</strong> 1654 Physicians, Royal College <strong>of</strong>, London 1518, 1556, 1632, 1697, 1805, 1828, 1831, 1884, 1943, 1953, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995 Physicians <strong>and</strong> Surgeons <strong>of</strong> London, College <strong>of</strong> 1423 Physicians <strong>and</strong> Surgeons, Royal College <strong>of</strong>, Glasgow 1599, 1972 Physiotherapy (see also Rehabilitation <strong>and</strong> Remedial therapists) 1894, 1951, 1960, 1971, 1981 Pickering, , Sir George 1961 Pickles, W.N. 1939 Piercy, 1954, 1956, 1972 Pigs 1281 Pilkington, F. 1972 Pilkington, Sir Harry 1960 Plague 1456 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1499, 1513, 1563, 1575, 1589, 1603, 1625, 1636, 1647, 1665, 1720, 1851, 1894, 1897, 1900, 1969 Planck, M. 1900 Platt, Sir Harry 1959, 1964 Platt, Lord 1961 "Plea for the Destitute Incurable" 1861 Pleas 1362 Plowden, Lady 1967 Plowman, Piers 1362 Pneumoconioses 1541, 1843 Pneumonia 1938 Poisons Board 1972 Police 1830, 1835, 1847, 1856, 1857 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1862 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1892 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1946, 1984, 1993, 1996, 1997 Police Complaints Authority 1984 Poliomyelitis 1912, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1962, 1974 "Political Arithmetick" 1683 Political <strong>and</strong> Economic Planning (PEP) 1937 Political parties, funding <strong>of</strong> 1998 Poll tax (see also Community Charge) 1377, 1379, 1381,1988, 1990, 1992 Pollution - See Environmental Pollution Polytechnics 1969, 1987, 1992 Poor Law (see also Begging <strong>and</strong> Vagabonds) 1388, 1391, 1494, 1530, 1535, 1552, 1555, 1572, 1576, 1579 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1597, 1601, 1617 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1661 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1662, 1672 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1685, 1691, 1697, 1722, 1729, 1744, 1782, 1792, 1795, 1815, 1819, 1834, 1844, 1845 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1847, 1848 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1860, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1869 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1871, 1885, 1889, 1895, 1904, 1909, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1930 . See National Insurance <strong>and</strong> Social Security Poor Law Commission (see also Poor Law) 1834, 1848 Poor law medical <strong>of</strong>ficers 1846, 1856, 1866, 1871 Poor Law Medical Officers Association 1866 Poor Law Medical Reform Association 1856 Poor law unions (see also Poor Law) 1834 Poor Law Workers Trade Union 1946 Poplar council 1921 Population 1949, 1960 "Population Trends" 1975 Porritt, Lord 1962
GENERAL INDEX 39 Port (sanitary) health authorities 1872, 1896, 1899, 1984 Port Sunlight 1888 Porter, R. 1782 Postgraduate Medical Association (Scotl<strong>and</strong>) 1962 Postgraduate medical centres 1961 Postgraduate medical education (see also Specialist training) 1330, 1918, 1921, 1923, 1936, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1975, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1996, 1999 Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Committee for 1967, Council for 1970, 1988, <strong>and</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee for 1988 "Postgraduate Medical Education <strong>and</strong> Training" 1987 Postal services 1635 Postneonatal deaths 1970 Post-War Hospital Problems in Scotl<strong>and</strong> 1943 Potato blight 1845 Poverty (see also Poor Law <strong>and</strong> Inequalities in health) 1840 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1861, 1901, 1904, 1913, 1918, 1926, 1936, 1938, 1941, 1980, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 "Poverty <strong>and</strong> <strong>Health</strong>" 1936 "Poverty <strong>and</strong> Population. A Factual Study <strong>of</strong> Contemporary Social Waste" 1938 Poverty <strong>and</strong> Progress" 1941 "Poverty. A Study <strong>of</strong> Town Life" 1901 Powell, E. 1966 Powell, Dame Muriel 1972 "The Practitioner" 1949 Prescribing 1959, 1963, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1992 "Present <strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> Road Making" 1819 Preventive medicine 1918, 1919, 1920, 1951, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997 "Preventive <strong>Medicine</strong>" 1991 Price control 1266 Priestley, Sir Raymond 1955 Primary Care Commissioning Groups 1997 Primary education - See Education Primary health care - See General Practice Primary health care groups (trusts) 1999 Prime minister 1721, appendix 3 Prince <strong>of</strong> Wales Advisory Group on Disability 1985, 1992 "Principa Mathematica" 1687 "Principles <strong>of</strong> Bacteriology <strong>and</strong> Immunity" 1929 "Principles <strong>of</strong> Forensic <strong>Medicine</strong>" 1844 "Principles <strong>of</strong> Medical Statistics" 1937 "The Principles <strong>and</strong> Practice <strong>of</strong> Screening for Disease" 1968 Pringle, Sir John 1752 Printing 1440, 1477 Priorities 1976, 1977, 1980 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1981, 1995, 1998 Prison Medical Service 1877, 1999 Prisons <strong>and</strong> prisoners 1774, 1777, 1824, 1835, 1839, 1839 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1860 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1865, 1877 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1903, 1952, 1991, 1993 (Scotl<strong>and</strong>), 1999 Private practice <strong>and</strong> hospitals 1973, 1976, 1980, 1999 Privy Council 1597, 1619, 1832, 1838, 1848, 1855, 1858, 1870, 1920 Probation 1887, 1907 Pr<strong>of</strong>essional <strong>and</strong> Linguistic Assessment Board 1975 Pr<strong>of</strong>essional training - See Specialist training
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A Chronology of State Medicine, Pub
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Published by Faculty of Public Heal
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I am indebted t
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PREFACE iv "Those who cannot rememb
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2 INTRODUCTION The chronology start
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The Norman conquest of England in 1
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1279 - 1309 1279 Statute of Mortmai
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1315 - 1358 1315 The Statute of She
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1360 - 1389 1360 An act set out "Th
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1462 - 1499 1462 First Royal Charte
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1530 - 1536 1530-40 Suppression of
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Branding and slavery imposed as the
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1559 Cont - 1584 1559 cont Under th
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1601 - 1628 1601 Poor Law Act (43 E
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1658 Thomas Browne wrote in favour
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1672 The Scottish Parliament requir
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1694 - 1698 1694 Bank of England se
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1721 - 1739 1721 Robert Walpole bec
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1740 London Hospital (later Royal)
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1763 "Genera Morborum in Auditorum
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Guy's Hospital Physical Society fou
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Vienna) published; the last volume
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1788 Cont - 1792 1788 cont complain
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Liverpool Medical Institution found
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First General Enclosure Act (41 Geo
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were passed by the Commons in 1816,
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1828 Cont - 1831 1828 cont certain
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1831 Cont - 1832 1831 cont series o
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1834 Cont - 1836 1834 cont The Hous
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Chimney Sweeps Act (3&4 Vict., c.85
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pressing, for the relief of the lab
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The Select Committee on Smoke Preve
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Final Report of the Royal Commissio
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College, soon to be Manchester Univ
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Societies, and enabled trade unions
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1858 Cont - 1859 1858 cont London,
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ecommendations was the establishmen
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1863 - 1864 1863 Public Works (Manu
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Death of James Barry (1795-1865) wh
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emoval of house refuse. See 1870. A
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under the control of the poor law a
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commission's view that in some dist
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spirits; limited the number of such
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1874 Cont - 1875 1874 cont Report o
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central inspectorate. See 1883 and
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Artizans Dwellings Act (45&46 Vict.
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(later Sir, 1850-1932, medical offi
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sanitary and safety matters includi
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Elementary Education (School Attend
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1908. Cleansing of Persons Act (60&
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developed a typhoid vaccine. 1898 C
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education authorities, which were g
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examinations at Oxford or Cambridge
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children. It gave powers for the re
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the Poor Law needed to be reshaped,
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1910 - 1911 1910 Mines Accident (Re
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1914 Outbreak of the Great War (191
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The first ante-natal clinic opened
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Medical Women's Federation founded.
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League of Nations was created. See
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age 65 1921 Cont 1921 cont years or
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Ministry of Labour Committee on the
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wider the scope of these services,
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school leaving age should be raised
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1929 Cont 1929 cont care; and the d
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Fourth Revision of the Internationa
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1933 Cont - 1934 1933 cont of medic
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National Health Insurance Scheme pr
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Matrimonial Causes Act (1 Edw.VIII
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the London County Council; and the
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1940 - 1941 1940 Food rationing (ba
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department of state, and recommende
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defined role in 1943 Cont - 1944 19
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1944 Cont 1 1944 cont Disabled Pers
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egional hospital boards, boards of
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Health during the war (see 1941). "
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The Local Government Boundary Commi
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Officers); and, made the Home Offic
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King Edward's Hospital Fund for Lon
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1950 - 1951 1950 Korean war started
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1951 Cont 1 1951 cont a registered
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"The Advance to Social Medicine" by
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double helical structure of deoxyri
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The Acton Society Trust, funded by
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1957 Dentists Act (5&6 Eliz.II, c.2
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Slaughter of Animals Act (7 Eliz.II
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introduction of a national qualific
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1960 Cont - 1961 1960 cont The Comm
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authority, with counties (with powe
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1962 Cont 2 - 1963 1962 cont For th
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Six small outbreaks of diphtheria i
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1964 Cont - 1965 1964 cont Council
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carried out in Buckinghamshire, of
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1966 Cont 1 1966 cont staff related
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1966 Cont 2 - 1967 1966 cont Englis
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1967 Cont 1 1967 cont National Nurs
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Elderly in Government Institutions
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Medicines Commission, which set up
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group therapy, therapeutic communit
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(chairman, Lord Redcliffe-Maud) cri
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The abolition of capital punishment
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1970 Cont 1 1970 cont In November t
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county boroughs, 34 metropolitan di
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stated: "Put at its simplest, commu
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1971 Cont 3 - 1972 1971 cont Betwee
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physician, the nursing officer, a l
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and a small number of
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1972 Cont 4 - 1973 1972 cont King E
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helping people to use the procedure
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Trade Union and Labour Relations Ac
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1974 Cont 2 1974 cont Report by Lad
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1974 Cont 3 - 1975 1974 cont govern
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"The School Health Service 1908-74"
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Layfield) reported. The Committee d
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personal (as distinct from the clin
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1976 Cont 3 - 1977 1976 cont commun
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1977 Cont - 1978 1977 cont features
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health and medical care, there rema
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area tier and establishing district
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1980 1980 Magistrates' Courts Act (
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Advisory Service, from whom it had
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and required that provision for spe
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established the Audit Commission in
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Mobile Homes Act (c.34) dealt with
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1984 Rates Act (c.33) reformed the
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1984 Cont 2 - 1985 1984 cont The Ex
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"Quality in General Practice" publi
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1986 Cont 1 1986 cont Ministry of A
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1986 Cont 2 - 1987 1986 cont The Ro
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1987 Cont 2 - 1988 1987 cont The Ki
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House of Commons Social Services Co
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisher
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water and the disposal of sewage. S
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1992 Cont 1 1992 cont education; pr
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National Lottery Act (c.39) enabled
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A Working Group (chairman, CJ Scott
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Environment Act (c.25) established
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esearch). Demands for more money fo
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1996 Cont 2 - 1997 1996 cont traini
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historic boundaries between academi
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zones; introduced the category of f
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supervision of patients in the comm
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1998 Cont 4 1998 cont abuse of soci
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1998 Cont 5 - 1999 1998 cont occasi
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opportunities; and particular initi
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that where possible two adjacent ho
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Parker reviewing 1999 Cont 4 1999 c
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TABLE POPULATION AND BIRTH AND DEAT
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APPENDIX 1 SOVEREIGNS FROM 1066 ENG
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APPENDIX 3 MINISTERS OF HEALTH 1919
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APPENDIX 4 LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOLS P
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Nissel, Muriel, People Count. A His
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Animals (Scientific Procedures) 198
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Cruelty to Animals 1876 Custody of
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INDEX TO ACTS 5 Factories 1850, 193
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Infectious Diseases (Prevention) 18
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INDEX TO ACTS 9 Mines Accident (Res
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INDEX TO ACTS 11 Professions Supple
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INDEX TO ACTS 13 Smoke Nuisance (Sc
- Page 323 and 324: Air Pollution 1953, 1954 Alternativ
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- Page 333 and 334: Towards an Integrated Child Health
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- Page 339 and 340: Bucknill, Sir John 1842 Budd, W. 18
- Page 341 and 342: Child Support Agency 1991, 1995, 19
- Page 343 and 344: Cooke, A.M. 1964 Cooper, J. 1966 Co
- Page 345 and 346: Diabetes 1922, 1925, 1941 Dick, W.
- Page 347 and 348: Electrocardiogram 1887 Electron 189
- Page 349 and 350: Fitzroy, A. 1904 Fleas 1897 Fleming
- Page 351 and 352: Gibb, G.D. 1981
- Page 353 and 354: Guerin, C. 1921 "Guide to Social Se
- Page 355 and 356: GENERAL INDEX 21 Hereford, Bishop o
- Page 357 and 358: Huxham, J. 1750 GENERAL INDEX 23 "H
- Page 359 and 360: "Journal of State Medicine" 1892 GE
- Page 361 and 362: Lipworth, L. 1966 Lister, J. 1865 G
- Page 363 and 364: Mair, A. 1972 Malaria 1897, 1909, 1
- Page 365 and 366: Medawar, Sir Peter 1953 GENERAL IND
- Page 367 and 368: GENERAL INDEX 32 “Moral and Physi
- Page 369 and 370: GENERAL INDEX 34 National Society f
- Page 371 and 372: Old age pensions (see also National
- Page 373: "Physical Deterioration" 1904 Physi
- Page 377 and 378: GENERAL INDEX 41 Queen Elizabeth Ho
- Page 379 and 380: GENERAL INDEX 43 Rothschild, Lord 1
- Page 381 and 382: GENERAL INDEX 45 School boards (Sco
- Page 383 and 384: Social Medicine, Society for 1956,
- Page 385 and 386: GENERAL INDEX 49 Tallow-melting 128
- Page 387 and 388: GENERAL INDEX 51 Universities (see
- Page 389 and 390: GENERAL INDEX 53 Willink, Sir Henry