Human Development in India - NCAER

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education 91Table A.6.3a Schooling Experiences of Children Aged 6–14(in percentage)Never Dropped Now Absent Repeated In In Avg. Annual Expenditure on… TotalEnrolled Out in School 6+ days or Failed Private Private School Books Private Expen-Last School Tuition Fees Uniform & Tuition ditureMonthTransportAll India 10 5 85 20 6 28 20 481 606 178 1,265SexMale 9 5 87 20 6 29 22 521 625 199 1,344Female 12 5 83 19 6 26 19 436 584 155 1,175Current Standard1–5 21 5 28 18 427 514 127 1,0686–10 16 9 26 26 636 855 300 1,791Place of ResidenceMetro 5 4 91 5 6 44 33 1,564 991 506 3,060Other urban 6 5 89 13 5 52 30 1,052 923 329 2,303More developed village 9 5 87 18 6 24 19 318 609 137 1,065Less developed village 14 6 81 26 6 17 15 187 395 92 674IncomeLowest Quintile 14 6 79 24 6 15 15 162 374 78 6142nd Quintile 14 5 81 23 7 15 14 161 373 76 6103rd Quintile 10 6 84 21 6 22 19 295 502 128 9254th Quintile 9 5 87 18 6 33 22 505 676 190 1,370Top Quintile 4 2 94 11 4 52 31 1,269 1,081 414 2,764Social GroupsHigh Caste Hindu 3 3 94 15 5 40 27 904 924 346 2,174OBC 9 4 87 21 5 26 20 398 543 149 1,090Dalit 12 5 83 22 8 17 18 271 471 134 876Adivasi 16 7 77 19 9 15 9 203 392 73 669Muslim 17 8 76 21 5 33 19 428 521 130 1,079Other religion 2 2 96 4 4 54 27 1,446 1,370 224 3,040Maximum Household EducationNone 23 7 70 25 6 15 14 152 367 70 5891–4 Std 11 8 81 22 9 13 19 132 379 95 6075–9 Std 7 5 88 21 7 22 19 288 498 126 91210–11 Std 4 2 94 15 4 39 24 662 773 228 1,66312 Std/Some college 3 3 95 17 5 45 25 806 876 282 1,964Graduate/Diploma 2 1 97 11 3 58 34 1,620 1,219 500 3,339Note: Avg. refers to Average; + refers to 6 or more.Source: IHDS 2004–5 data.
92 human development in indiaTable A.6.3bSchooling Experiences of Children Aged 6–14 by State(in percentage)Never Dropped Currently Absent Repeated In In Avg. Annual Expenditure on… TotalEnrolled Out in School 6 or or Failed Private Private School Books Private Expen-More Days a Class School Tuition Fees Uniform & Tuition ditureLast MonthTransportAll India 10 5 85 20 6 28 20 481 606 178 1,265Jammu and Kashmir 5 2 93 16 6 47 29 952 1,088 228 2,269Himachal Pradesh 2 2 97 5 19 19 10 651 1,813 80 2,543Uttarakhand 6 3 90 40 16 27 7 522 1,062 42 1,626Punjab 6 4 91 3 5 52 24 1,441 1,623 177 3,240Haryana 9 3 88 6 6 47 10 1,186 1,240 87 2,513Delhi 7 3 91 4 4 28 10 1,205 819 180 2,204Uttar Pradesh 11 5 84 32 2 43 10 396 462 118 976Bihar 25 5 70 47 2 18 42 230 443 293 967Jharkhand 20 6 74 13 7 32 23 509 479 193 1,181Rajasthan 16 5 79 15 2 32 6 526 683 48 1,257Chhattisgarh 9 6 85 20 12 15 3 263 280 29 572Madhya Pradesh 13 5 83 28 10 27 10 341 353 55 749North-East 5 5 91 18 16 34 52 835 980 539 2,353Assam 13 11 76 41 8 6 14 103 205 121 428West Bengal 10 7 83 14 11 10 58 375 538 587 1,500Orissa 6 8 86 42 7 8 38 129 314 318 760Gujarat 6 6 88 5 14 22 17 459 766 256 1,481Maharashtra, Goa 4 4 92 5 6 20 15 279 463 155 897Andhra Pradesh 5 5 90 11 2 31 20 603 658 107 1,367Karnataka 7 5 89 10 3 28 9 608 820 50 1,477Kerala 3 0 97 3 4 31 27 705 1,050 289 2,044Tamil Nadu 2 3 96 3 9 23 23 672 529 109 1,310Note: Avg. refers to Average.Source: IHDS 2004–5 data.
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAUMANEVELO
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAHUMANDEVE
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ToThe 41,554 households who partici
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viiicontentsSOCIAL CHANGES11. Socia
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x tables, figures, and boxes6.1 Enr
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xiitables, figures, and boxes6.1a L
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ForewordIndia has been fortunate as
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PrefaceOn account of the size of it
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acknowledgements xixWhile space doe
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xxii research team and advisorsO.P.
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AbbreviationsASERBPLCHCDPTFPSHCRHDI
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1IntroductionLong years ago we made
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introduction 5the agricultural stag
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introduction 7on income points out,
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2Income, Poverty, and InequalityAs
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income, poverty, and inequality 13t
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income, poverty, and inequality 15A
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income, poverty, and inequality 173
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income, poverty, and inequality 19R
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income, poverty, and inequality 21T
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income, poverty, and inequality 23D
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agriculture 29Figure 3.1Source: IHD
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agriculture 31Figure 3.2bSource: IH
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agriculture 33other religious minor
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agriculture 35Figure 3.5Source: IHD
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agriculture 37Table A.3.1aCultivati
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4EmploymentChapter 2 noted tremendo
Page 66 and 67: employment 41Box 4.1Education Does
Page 68 and 69: employment 43in urban areas, animal
Page 70 and 71: employment 45not surprising that Ta
Page 72 and 73: employment 47These agricultural and
Page 74 and 75: employment 49Table A.4.1a Work Part
Page 76 and 77: employment 51Table A.4.2a: Number o
Page 78 and 79: employment 53Table A.4.3a: Type of
Page 80 and 81: employment 55Table A.4.3b: Statewis
Page 86 and 87: household assets and amenities 61WA
Page 88 and 89: household assets and amenities 63Bo
Page 90 and 91: household assets and amenities 65Fi
Page 92 and 93: household assets and amenities 67an
Page 94 and 95: household assets and amenities 69Bo
Page 96: household assets and amenities 71Ta
Page 100 and 101: 6EducationThe chapters on income (C
Page 102 and 103: education 77Figure 6.1aSource: IHDS
Page 104 and 105: education 7995 per cent children ag
Page 106 and 107: education 81Figure 6.3 Educational
Page 108 and 109: education 836-14 year old, about 40
Page 110 and 111: education 85in a lose-lose situatio
Page 112 and 113: education 87society. Arithmetic ski
Page 114 and 115: education 89Table A.6.2aDiscontinua
Page 118 and 119: education 93Table A.6.4a Reading, W
Page 120 and 121: education 95Table A.6.5a Skill Leve
Page 122 and 123: 7Health and Medical CareThroughout
Page 124 and 125: health and medical care 99Box 7.1Al
Page 126 and 127: health and medical care 101Figure 7
Page 128 and 129: health and medical care 103Source:
Page 132 and 133: health and medical care 107Medical
Page 134 and 135: health and medical care 109Sixty ni
Page 136 and 137: health and medical care 111increase
Page 140 and 141: health and medical care 115Box 7.3T
Page 142 and 143: health and medical care 117Table A.
Page 144 and 145: health and medical care 119Table A.
Page 146: health and medical care 121Table A.
Page 150 and 151: 8Child Well-beingThe well-being of
Page 152 and 153: child well-being 127privileged and
Page 154 and 155: child well-being 129Source: IHDS 20
Page 156 and 157: child well-being 131age. Our result
Page 158 and 159: child well-being 133Table A.8.1a In
Page 160 and 161: child well-being 135Table A.8.2bSta
Page 162 and 163: child well-being 137Table A.8.3bSta
Page 164 and 165: well-being of the older population
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well-being of the older population
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gender and family dynamics 149Not s
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gender and family dynamics 151withi
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gender and family dynamics 153monet
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gender and family dynamics 155DISCU
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gender and family dynamics 157Table
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11Social Integration and ExclusionT
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social integration and exclusion 17
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villages in a global world 183mean
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villages in a global world 185Table
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villages in a global world 193Figur
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13Social Safety Nets in IndiaPublic
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social safety nets in india 199Anty
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social safety nets in india 201THE
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social safety nets in india 203HIGH
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social safety nets in india 205(Tab
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14ConclusionI was again on a great
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conclusion 209enrolment, it also un
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conclusion 211availability of work
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Appendix I—IHDS: The DesignOne of
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appendix i 215Figure AI.2 India Hum
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appendix i 217Table AI.1Statewise D
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appendix i 219(Table AI.2 contd )Ne
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appendix i 221developed for NSS emp
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Appendix II—Chapter Organization
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appendix ii 225(Table AII.1 contd )
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appendix ii 227will often require t
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BibliographyAbbas, A.A. and G.J. Wa
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ibliography 231Blyn, G. (1966). Agr
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ibliography 233Malik, S. (1979). So
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Human Development in India - NCAER

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