Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan - part - usaid

February 2004 Appendix 8
Geological
era
Mesozoic
Period Main Geological Manifestation throughout the World Main Geological Manifestation in Rila
Triassic
Beginning 235 – end
185 million years
Jurassic
Beginning 185– end
132 million years
Cretaceous
Beginning 132– end
66 million years
Occurrence of hexactinal corals, dinosaurs, mammals.
Extinction of ceratites, stegocepahlians and synapsid
reptiles.
The continents are highly raised early in the period and
dry land prevails. The relief is severely segmented.
Insignificant transgressions over the Hercynides, the
Russian and the Canadian platforms during the middle
and late Triassic. Continuing fissuring of Gondwanaland
in the area of today’s Indian Ocean. Severe magma
activity in the Cordillera belt.
Occurrence of flying lizards, birds etc.
Subsidence of the northern continents and marine
transgression. Continued fissuring of Gondwanaland
accompanied by basic volcanic processes (Africa, South
America).
By the end of the period – severe folding (early
Kimmerian ogoreny) in the Cordillera and in the East
Asian belt.
Occurrence of toothless birds and angiospermous plants.
Extinction of ammonites, dinosaurs, flying reptiles,
ichthyosaurs, toothed birds etc.
In the beginning – little continental subsidence.
During the late Cretaceous – huge transgression.
Fissuring of Gondwanaland and Laurasia and formation
of the Atlantic Ocean. Completion of the old alpine
(Pacific) tectonic stage and formation of a ring of
mountains surrounding the Pacific ocean.
Rila Monastery Nature Park
Management Plan (Draft) – Appendices
2004 - 2013
The Triassic seas have covered almost the
entire territory of Bulgaria except for the
southernmost parts, the Rhodopides, where
increasing denudation occurred.
Continuing raising of the Rhodopides,
remaining dry and above the Jurassic sea
during the entire period. Formation of deep
(approximately 1,000m) flyschoid sediments
caused by the denudation.
During the lower Cretaceous – the area is
part of the socalled large Thracian dry land.
Formation of deep sediments (deeper than
2,000m) in the surrounding seas.
During the entire Cretaceous period the
Rhodopides remain dry.
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