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Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan - part - usaid

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February 2004 Appendix 8<br />

Geological<br />

era<br />

Neozoic<br />

Period Main Geological Manifestation throughout the World Main Geological Manifestation in <strong>Rila</strong><br />

Paleogene<br />

Beginning 66– end 25<br />

million years<br />

Neogene<br />

Beginning 25– end 1.5<br />

million years<br />

Occurrence of late ungulates, late raptors, primates.<br />

By the middle of the period – the last large transgression<br />

over the continent (Western Europe, the Ukraine, Middle<br />

Asia, NorthernAfrica, the Arabian peninsula).<br />

By the end (during the Oligocene) – regression.<br />

The Alpine-Himalayan belt is fissured into sea firths.<br />

Occurrence of severe folding movements there: Illyrian,<br />

Pyrenean and Savian orogeny. Formation of the base of<br />

today’s Alpine-Himalayan mountain system.<br />

Occurrence of new predators, mastodons, rhinoceros,<br />

hiparions, apes.<br />

Gradual elevation of the continents, releasing of the water<br />

basins and formation of their current outline.<br />

Folding movements in the moving belts (mainly the<br />

Alpine-Himalayan) Styrian, Attic, Rhodanian and<br />

Vlachian orogeny. Final raising and folding of the<br />

Alpine-Himalayan mountain system. Formation of the<br />

largest petrol and gas deposits.<br />

<strong>Rila</strong> <strong>Monastery</strong> <strong>Nature</strong> <strong>Park</strong><br />

<strong>Management</strong> <strong>Plan</strong> (Draft) – Appendices<br />

2004 - 2013<br />

Elevation and opening of the granite body of<br />

the <strong>Rila</strong> mountain. The continental dry area<br />

is relatively small. The proto <strong>Rila</strong> mountain<br />

was a hilly area, closely connected to the<br />

western Rhodopes. Its highest <strong>part</strong>s are<br />

around the Musala Peak.<br />

By the end of the Miocene, the proto <strong>Rila</strong><br />

mountain had risen by about 500m.<br />

Beginning of a new process of denudation<br />

and the early Miocene surface is leveled by<br />

the end of the early Miocene. Proto <strong>Rila</strong><br />

towered over the surrounding water basins.<br />

During the late Pliocene, the mountain had<br />

risen by another 600m. Formation of the<br />

Saparevo and Govedartsi saddles, and of the<br />

kettle depressions along the Struma and<br />

Mesta Rivers. Gradual sedimentation of the<br />

upper Pliocene basins. Another raising<br />

during the late Pleistocene along a<br />

concentric fault system creating the current<br />

boundaries of the <strong>Rila</strong> mountain.<br />

319

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