CSEM Scientific and Technical Report 2008

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High Performance Minipump N. Schmid, T. Burch, P. Schmid, H. F. Knapp, J. Auerswald, S. Berchtold A high performance bidirectional minipump is being developed with a width of only 8 mm and a mass of only 7 g including motor. A variety of pumps can be used for metering purposes such as syringe pumps, piston pumps, peristaltic pumps, gearwheel pumps and diaphragm pumps. However, only some are available in a small size configuration. Most of these small pumps operate with diaphragms or gearwheels. But even these pumps can still be relatively bulky and heavy and in particular diaphragm pumps offer neither continuous flow nor are they pulsation free. Properties of minipump prototype (Figure 1): • Bidirectional • Continuous flow • Low inertia • Pulsation free • Width: 8 mm • Mass: 7 g • Max flowrate: 800 µl/s (water) • Droplet dispense: 1 µl (water) • Max pressure: 200 hPa (water) • Wide range of viscosities (from water to honey) • Self priming (< 3 hPa) • DC-motor or EC-motor (low voltage) Figure 1: Minipump including motor Working principle The pump has disc-shaped surfaces which the fluid is in contact with (Figure 2). When the surface moves, it drags the fluid with it. A scraping unit conveys fluid to and away from the moving surface. Scraping unit Moving surface Inlet/Outlet Outlet/Inlet Figure 2: Minipump working principle Potential applications Since the minipump is only 8 mm wide, it is well suited for liquid handling applications to pipette samples (e.g. life science and diagnostics) from and into test tubes and well plates (Figure 3). Consequently and due to its low mass, it can be positioned directly above the pipetting needle on a fast moving robot arm, which improves liquid handling speed, reduces system complexity, lowers system costs and improves system control. Most notably because the distance and volume between pump and sample is reduced and because there is no necessity for any flexible tubing between pump and sample either. Figure 3: Pipette tips above well plate with a pitch of 9 mm In addition, as the minipump is capable of pumping viscous liquids (e.g. epoxy, silicone, grease etc.) it can be integrated in a hand-held dispenser without requiring air power. Furthermore, the minipump can be applied in any OEM application where space is limited. This word was supported by MCCS Micro Center Central Switzerland. CSEM thanks them for their support. 105
A Noninvasive Sensor for Fluidic Process Monitoring T. Burch, N. Schmid, R. Limacher, D. Fengels A high performance, low cost capacitive sensor has been developed for process monitoring in liquid handling applications. Liquid handling is predominant in application fields such as life science and clinical diagnostics. Both market segments have a strong demand for miniaturized devices which can sense and control small volumes of liquid samples precisely and reliably. The presented non-invasive sensor for process monitoring in liquid handling applications is based on two components: a two pin-electrode structure and a high resolution, Σ-Δ capacitance-to-digital converter to transfer the capacitive signal into an electric output signal. The two electrodes (Figure 1, objects 1 and 3) are located close but noninvasively to a micro channel of 1 mm2 cross section (Figure 1, object 2). The dielectric fluid quantity changes the permittivity between the electrodes and results in a change of the capacitance in the range of 1 to 2 Femtofarad per µl. An additional pair of electrodes is used to shield the main electrodes so that external interferences are minimized. A) Fluid channel empty B) Fluid channel filled Figure 1: Capacitive electrodes modeling – cross section view. 1) Active electrode, 2) Fluid channel, 3) Measurement electrode In this arrangement the sensor provides low cost and high performance measurement of the liquid level inside a micro channel. The sensor performance depends on the permittivity as well as the conductivity of the liquid inside the channel. The presented sensor was designed for liquids with low conductivity. With purified water the following performance has been achieved: • Measurement range 50 mm (50 µl) • Measurement resolution 0.025 mm (0.025 µl) • Rel. measurement accuracy 0.1 mm (0.1 µl) The sensor performance can be further improved through segmentation of the pin-electrodes. After measuring the capacitances between the various segments the level can be determined in a two-step coarse-fine approach. In addition, the optimization of the shielding electrodes and the introduction of a dedicated guard electrode can further reduce the electromagnetic and electrostatic interference effect. To prove reliability and performance of the measurement principle a liquid handling demonstrator has been developed (Figure 2). 106 1 2 3 1 2 3 Figure 2: Liquid handling demonstrator with integrated liquid level sensor A mini pump [1] driven by a DC Motor of 8 mm in diameter is connected to two reservoirs filled with a liquid with low vapour pressure and low viscosity (Figure 3). The first reservoir has atmospheric pressure. The second reservoir is connected via a third reservoir to the micro channel of 1 mm 2 cross section. The capacitive sensor is integrated as described above. The sensor signal output is directly used as the actual value for the closed control loop. Figure 3: Closed control loop for liquid handling demonstrator This arrangement allows fast and precise positioning and movement of the liquid piston inside the micro channel. The achieved control accuracy is 0.25 µl and the maximal flow rate is 500 µl per second. The non-invasive capacitive sensing system is currently under optimization for a range of potential applications in the life sciences and lab automation business. [1] N. Schmid, et al., “High Performance Minipump”, in this report, page 105
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CONTENTS PREFACE 5 RESEARCH ACTIVIT
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PREFACE Dear Reader, In this report
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TissueOptics - Portable Pulse Oxime
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PackTime - Zero-level Packaging of
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BioTool - an Integrated Parallel At
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SUMO - SUrface MOdified Vision Syst
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SixSense - Six Dimensional Micro Se
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MICROELECTRONICS Christian Enz The
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Hand Detection Using Boosted Classi
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A Low-power 32-bit Dual-MAC 120 µW
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Design of RF Passives in 65 nm CMOS
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Effect of Size on the Performance o
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Wireless Sensor Networks Built Usin
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Massively Parallel Optical Tomograp
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High-speed Imagers P. Buchschacher,
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Applications of X-ray Phase Contras
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Enhanced Visual Chemical Sensor Bas
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Integrated Organic Spectrometer on
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NANOTECHNOLOGY & LIFE SCIENCES Harr
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Polarization Imaging using Nanostru
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Plasmon Based All Optical Switch R.
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Gold Nanorings from Block Copolymer
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J-aggregates inside Mesoporous Meta
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Batch Fabrication of Ultrathin Nano
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Page 66 and 67: NANOMEDICINE Peter Seitz The Europe
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Page 70 and 71: A Universal Protein Assembler H. Ze
Page 72 and 73: A Microfluidic Chip for Cytotoxicol
Page 74 and 75: The CSEM Electrical Impedance Tomog
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Page 89 and 90: A Remote Reconfiguration Mechanism
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Page 119 and 120: New Technology Platforms Alex Domma
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CSEM Scientific and Technical Report 2008

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