UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT
Figure 16.5: GERD in Israel by funding and performing sectors, 2007 and 2011 (%) .................................................................................................... 413
Figure 16.6: Israeli government outlay for R&D by major socio-economic objective, 2007, 2010 and 2013 (%) ..................................... 413
Figure 16.7: GERD in Israel by type of research, 2006 and 2013 (%) .......................................................................................................................................... 414
Figure 16.8: Share of women among Israeli university students (2013) and senior academic staff (2011) (%) ......................................... 414
Figure 16.9: University graduates in Israel, by field of study, 2006/2007 and 2012/2013 ......................................................................................... 416
Figure 16.10: Education spending in Israel as a share of GDP, 2002–2011 (%) Israel ...................................................................................................... 417
Figure 16.11: Scientific publication trends in Israel, 2005–2014 ..................................................................................................................................................... 418
Figure 16.12: Venture capital raised by Israeli funds, 2013 ................................................................................................................................................................. 424
Figure 16.13: Domestic and foreign patent applications to the Israeli Patent Office, 1996–2012 ......................................................................... 425
Figure 16.14: Israeli patent applications filed with USPTO, 2002–2012 .................................................................................................................................... 425
Chapter 17: The Arab States
Box 17.1: Upgrading the Suez Canal .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 432
Box 17.2: Matching university curricula to market needs .......................................................................................................................................................... 437
Box 17.3: SESAME project soon to light up the region ................................................................................................................................................................. 452
Box 17.4: Morocco plans to lead Africa in renewables by 2020 ............................................................................................................................................. 458
Box 17.5: Fellowships for budding inventors from the Gulf ..................................................................................................................................................... 461
Box 17.6: Masdar City: a ‘greenprint’ for the city of the future................................................................................................................................................ 464
Box 17.7: Dubai to ‘print’ its first 3D building ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 465
Table 17.1: Socio-economic indicators for the Arab States, 2008 and 2013 ..................................................................................................................... 434
Table 17.2: Arab researchers (HC) by field of employment, 2013 or closest year (%)................................................................................................. 441
Table 17.3: Arab tertiary graduates in science, engineering and agriculture, 2012 or closest year ................................................................. 441
Table 17.4: Share of Arab female graduates in science, engineering and agriculture, 2014 or closest year (%).................................... 442
Table 17.5: Patent applications in Arab states, 2010–2012 ........................................................................................................................................................... 443
Table 17.6: Libyan targets for STI to 2040 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 455
Figure 17.1: Military expenditure in selected Arab states as a % of GDP, 2006–2013 .................................................................................................. 433
Figure 17.2: Estimated oil price needed to balance the government budget in OPEC member states, 2014............................................ 435
Figure 17.3: GDP per economic sector in the Arab world, 2013 or closest year ............................................................................................................... 436
Figure 17.4: FDI inflow to selected Arab economies as a share of GDP, 2006–2013 (%) ............................................................................................ 436
Figure 17.5: GERD/GDP ratio in the Arab world, 2009 and 2013 or closest years (%) ................................................................................................... 439
Figure 17.6: Arab researchers and technicians (FTE) per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year ................................................................... 440
Figure 17.7: Share of women Arab researchers, 2013 (%) ................................................................................................................................................................ 440
Figure 17.8: Arab government expenditure on education as a share of GDP (%) ........................................................................................................... 442
Figure 17.9: High-tech exports from the Arab world, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 ......................................................................................................... 443
Figure 17.10: Scientific publication trends in the Arab States, 2005–2014 ............................................................................................................................. 444
Figure 17.11: Internet access and mobile phone subscriptions in Arab states, 2013 ...................................................................................................... 448
Figure 17.12: Egyptian student enrolment in public universities, 2013 (%) ........................................................................................................................... 449
Figure 17.13: Distribution of research grants by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, 2006–2010 (%) ................... 454
Chapter 18: West Africa
Box 18.1: The African Biosafety Network of Expertise ................................................................................................................................................................... 475
Box 18.2: An African Economic Community by 2028 .................................................................................................................................................................... 477
Box 18.3: The West Africa Institute .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 478
Box 18.4: Taxing business to upgrade tertiary education in Nigeria .................................................................................................................................. 493
Table 18.1: The African Centres of Excellence Project, 2014 ......................................................................................................................................................... 474
Table 18.2: The WAEMU Centres of Excellence, 2012 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 474
Table 18.3: Gross enrolment in ECOWAS countries, 2009 and 2012 (%).............................................................................................................................. 479
Table 18.4: Tertiary enrolment in West Africa, 2007 and 2012 or nearest available year ......................................................................................... 480
Table 18.5: Researchers (FTE) in West Africa, 2012 or closest year ........................................................................................................................................... 481
xiv