UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Figure 10.6: Researchers (FTE) in Southeast Europe by sector of employment, 2013 (%) Albania 58.0 42.0 Bosnia & Herzegovina 12.2 10.5 77.4 Croatia 17.4 29.4 53.2 Macedonia, FYR (2011) Greece 13.9 10.5 77.4 Montenegro (2011) Serbia (2012) 15.4 24.9 59.7 17.9 29.0 51.0 1.9 2.3 25.8 71.9 Slovenia 53.6 21.0 25.3 0.2 Business enterprise Government Higher Education Private-non profit Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, April 2015 Figure 10.7: USPTO patents granted to Southeast European countries, 2005–2008 and 2009–2012 139 2005–2008 Greece 2009–2012 347 In terms of research output, there has been a marked improvement in Croatia and Slovenia in the number of patents and in Slovenia for royalty payments since the UNESCO Science Report 2010. Other countries have witnessed more modest progress (Figure 10.7 and Table 10.6). 85 74 0 20 3 0 Slovenia Croatia Serbia Macedonia, FYR Bosnia & Herzegovina Albania 85 26 18 8 1 132 Most countries have a good publishing record, a sign of their solid integration in the international scientific community. Again, Slovenia dominates with 33 times more publications per million inhabitants than Albania and more than twice as many as Croatia. Of note is that output has climbed steeply in all countries since 2005 (Figure 10.8). Serbia almost tripled its output between 2005 and 2014, moving up from third to first place in terms of sheer volume. There is a good balance in most countries between scientific fields, with engineering and the physical sciences rivalling life sciences. 0 Montenegro 0 Table 10.6: Patents, publications and royalty payments in Southeast Europe, 2002–2010 Royalty payments and receipts (US$ per capita) University–industry research collaboration 1 (low) – 7 (high) Patents granted by USPTO per million inhabitants 2006 2009 2007 2010 2002–2013 Albania 2.39 6.39 1.70 2.20 0.3 Bosnia & Herzegovina – 4.87 2.40 3.00 3.9 Croatia 50.02 55.25 3.60 3.40 45.9 Greece – – – – 52.4 Macedonia, FYR 6.64 12.91 2.90 3.50 25.6 Serbia – 28.27 3.10 3.50 2.8 Slovenia 85.62 159.19 3.80 4.20 135.1 Note: Data are unavailable for Greece and Montenegro. Source: UNESCO Science Report 2010 and World Bank Knowledge for Development database, accessed October 2014 282
Figure 10.8: Scientific publication trends in Southeast Europe, 2005–2014 Slovenia has by far the greatest publication density Publications per million inhabitants in 2014 Slovenia Slovenia 1 590 Croatia Bosnia & Herzegovina Southeast Europe Montenegro Serbia Macedonia, FYR Croatia Serbia 503 Montenegro 307 Macedonia, FYR 157 Bosnia & Herzegovina 84 Albania 48 686 0.97 Average citation rate for Slovenia, 2008–2012; the OECD average is 1.08 Albania 0.79 Average citation rate for the other six Southeast European countries; the OECD average is 1.08 Chapter 10 Output has grown rapidly in all countries since 2005 5 000 4 000 3 000 Slovenia 3 301 Croatia 2 932 2 025 2 000 1 624 1 600 1 000 400 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Macedonia, FYR 330 300 Bosnia & Herz. 323 200 200 0 106 91 42 37 Most articles concern life sciences, physics and engineering Totals by field, 2008–2014 Serbia 4 764 Montenegro 191 Albania 154 Albania 46 2 80 24 8 33 115 31 140 1 13 2 9 Bosnia & Herz. 60 1 244 37 32 208 74 90 359 4 125 5 5 Croatia Macedonia, FYR 775 259 2 992 1 842 230 1 816 1 612 896 3 830 95 2 074 63 4 276 176 40 198 104 61 273 179 6 7 23 63 Montenegro 21 3 88 19 19 154 69 94 77 1 107 1 2 Serbia Slovenia 885 237 2 837 2 140 677 3 596 1 001 1 694 3 895 45 3 067 45 72 577152 3 075 2 184 619 2 979 1 030 1 092 3 070 106 3 042 64 107 Note: Totals exclude unclassified articles. Agriculture Astronomy Biological sciences Chemistry Computer science Engineering Geosciences Mathematics Medical sciences Other life sciences Physics Psychology The main collaborators are in Europe and the USA Main foreign partners,2008–2014 (number of papers) 1st collaborator 2nd collaborator 3rd collaborator 4th collaborator 5th collaborator Albania Italy (144) Germany (68) Greece (61) France (52) Serbia (46) Bosnia & Herz. Serbia (555) Croatia (383) Slovenia (182) Germany (165) USA (141) Croatia Germany (2 383) US A (2 349) Italy (1 900) UK (1 771) France (1 573) Macedonia, FYR Serbia (243) Germany (215) USA (204) Bulgaria (178) Italy (151) Montenegro Serbia (411) Italy (92) Germany (91) France (86) Russia (81) Serbia Germany (2 240) USA (2 149) Italy (1 892) UK (1 825) France (1 518) Slovenia USA (2479) Germany (2 315) Italy (2 195) UK (1 889) France (1 666) Source: Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded; data treatment by Science–Metrix Social sciences 283
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Towards 2030
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Published in 2015 by the United Nat
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Report team Director of the Publica
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT A closer look
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Table 25.1. S
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Foreword Irina Bokova, Director-Gen
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A more developmental approach to sc
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Science for a sustainable and just
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Figure UNESCO 2.1: SCIENCE Trends i
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Figure UNESCO 2.6 SCIENCE (continue
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Science powers commerce - but not o
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Figure 4.5: Scientific publication
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168 Source: Thomson Reuters Web of
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Bahamas UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Beliz
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Figure 7.4: Trends in higher educat
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT The Start-Up
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT TRENDS IN R&D
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Figure 7.8 (continued) Life science
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT REFERENCES Ci
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Figure 13.1: Trends in GERD 1.29% 1
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNESCO Figure 14
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT reliant on en
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