UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Table 6.2: Overview of STI governance in CARICOM countries, 2015 Antigua & Barbuda Ministry of Education, Science & Technology Suriname Ministry of Labour & Technology Development Dominica Bahamas Ministry of information, Science, Telecommunications & Technology National Science & Technology Council Ministry of Education, Bahamas Science & Technology Environment, Science & Technology Commission National Development Plan Vision 2040 (under development) Grenada Ministry of Communications, Works, Physical Development, Public Utilities & ICT National Science & Technology Council National Strategic Development Plan (2007) National transformation through innovation, creativity and enterprise St Vincent & Grenadines Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Information Technology National Centre of Technological Innovation Inc. National Economic & Social Development Plan 2013– 2025 (2013) Improving the quality of life for all Barbados Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Innovation National Council for Science and Technology Strategic Plan, 2006–2025 A fully developed society that is socially just and globally competitive National Innovation Competition (2003), National Council for Science & Technology St Lucia Belize Ministry of Sustainable Development, Energy, Science and Technology Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology and Public Utilities National Science and Technology Council Prime Minister’s Council of Science Policy Guyana Office of the President National Science Research Council National vision under preparation Horizon 2030 Vision (2010-2030) National Development Strategy (1997) Job creation through ‘live local – work local’ and tourism development Resilience, sustainable development and high quality of life for all Enhance national capacity to undertake development programmes Prime Minister’s Under preparation Award for Innovation, Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture Yes, 2012 Yes, 2014 Energy and capacitybuilding in STI Support development programming in diverse sectors Trinidad & Tobago Ministry of Science, technology and Higher Education National Institute of Higher Education, Research, Science & Technology Vision 2020 (2002) Developed country status by 2020 Prime Minister's Awards For Scientific Ingenuity (2000) Yes, 2000 Enhancing industrial competitiveness & human development Jamaica Ministry of Science, Technology, Energy and Mining National Commission for Science & Technology Vision 2030 (2009) Developed country status by 2030 National Innovation Awards (2005), Scientific Research Council Yes, 1960 Effective exploitation of natural resources STI roadmap (2012) Body responsible for STI policy Additional relevant bodies Strategic planning document (year of adoption) Main objective of planning document National award (year) and body responsible STI policy (year of adoption) R&D priorities of STI policy STI action/ implementation plan Source: compiled by authors 162
Caricom UNESCO Kingston Office (Kahwa et al., 2014), STI policy in the region is desperately in need of: n Systematic STI data collection and scientometric analysis to inform policy-making; n Evidence-driven decision-making, STI policy development and implementation; n Mapping existing STI policies, related legal frameworks and the impact of these on all national and regional economic sectors. In November 2013, UNESCO launched Mapping Research and Innovation in Botswana, the first in a series which profiles STI in individual countries, via data and sectorial analyses, combined with an inventory of relevant institutions, the existing legal framework and national policy instruments (UNESCO, 2013). By providing an in-depth situation analysis, these mapping exercises help countries devise evidencebased strategies to correct structural weaknesses and improve the monitoring of their national innovation system. This type of mapping exercise is just what the Caribbean needs. Without a similar rigorous understanding of the status and potential of STI in their countries, Caribbean governments will be advancing in a haze. According to Kahwa et al. (2014), the current poor understanding of the Caribbean STI environment is compounded by weaknesses in institutional research capacity and the inadequate collection, analysis and storage of key data, including for performance indicators. Lack of STI data: a persistent problem As far back as 2003, the Subregional Office for the Caribbean of the United Nations’ Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) noted the persistent paucity of STI indicators for the Caribbean and the negative impact this was exerting on policy development, economic planning and the ability of Caribbean states to assess and deal effectively with challenges requiring innovative application of STI. The same year, ECLAC addressed the STI indicators gap by developing a Manual for the Compilation of Science and Technology Indicators in the Caribbean 8 . The UNESCO Institute for Statistics has also published several guides for developing countries, most recently the Guide to Conducting an R&D Survey for Countries Starting to Measure R&D 9 (2014). In 2011, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics ran a training workshop in Grenada to help CARICOM countries respond to STI data surveys while 8. See: www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/3/13853/G0753.pdf 9. see: www.uis.unesco.org/ScienceTechnology/Pages/guide-to-conducting-rdsurveys.aspx respecting international standards. Despite the efforts by UNESCO and ECLAC, Trinidad and Tobago was still the only CARICOM country providing data on R&D in 2014. According to ECLAC, the collection and analysis of STI performance indicators remains a challenge for the Caribbean, despite the existence of relevant bodies, as this task is often not included in their mandate. These bodies include the: n Scientific Research Council of Jamaica (est. 1960), an agency of the Ministry of Industry, Technology, Energy and Commerce, which has a subsidiary called Marketech Limited and a subdivision, the Food Technology Institute; n Caribbean Industrial Research Institute in Trinidad and Tobago (est. 1970); n Institute of Applied Science and Technology (formerly the National Scientific Research Centre) in Guyana (est. 1977), which ‘is currently being resuscitated after a long period of decline,’ according to its website. It is not clear why Trinidad and Tobago is the only CARICOM country reporting R&D data but weaknesses in data collection may be at play. In Jamaica, the UWI has formed a partnership with the Jamaica Manufacturers’ Association to determine the nature and level of R&D activity, as well as unmet needs, in the manufacturing sector, at least. Data-gathering got under way in 2014. It is planned to extend the study to Trinidad and Tobago, where recent reports on industrial R&D activity are not encouraging. According to the data, industrial R&D has declined markedly in recent years (Figure 6.5). This may have something to do with the drop in R&D activity in the sugar sector. Figure 6.5: GERD by sector of performance in Trinidad and Tobago, 2000–2011 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 11.1 11.8 11.0 10.4 24.3 29.5 Business enterprise sector 68.3 1.5 57.6 41.0 2.2 55.6 42.1 2.6 67.2 30.1 2.2 61.3 36.5 Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 69.1 19.8 70.1 19.0 70.0 19.6 53.2 22.5 45.1 25.4 57.4 42.6 60.2 39.8 Government 19.9 Higher Education Chapter 6 163
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Towards 2030
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