UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

The low share of industry-financed R&D is a perennial concern
Share of GDP, other countries are given for comparison
2.0
Germany 1.90
1.72
1.70
USA 1.66
1.5
China 1.51
1.0
0.98
0.80
UK 0.76
0.5
Turkey 0.46
0.35
0.33
Russian Fed. 0.32
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Chapter 13
A greater orientation of R&D towards the needs of industry
to the detriment of basic research
GERD in the Russian Federation by socio-economic objective, 2008 and 2013 (%)
25.6
2.4 4.4
28.2
Agriculture
Energy
Industry
Other economic objectives
6.9
2013
Human health
Control and care of
the environment
Social development
General advancement of research*
27.6
2.6
4.3
4.4
25.1
17.4
3.0
1.5
0.8
5.4
Earth and exploration and
exploitation of the atmosphere
Civil space
2008
Other fields
3.2
2.9
4.4
0.8
2.3
1.0
25.7
*refers to basic research
Source: HSE (2015a); OECD’s Main Science and Technology Indicators, May 2015; for Brazil and India: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
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