UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT
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<strong>UNESCO</strong> <strong>SCIENCE</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong><br />
schemes include state programmes for R&D, international<br />
projects and projects for the transfer of new technologies<br />
and processes, grants for young researchers, including<br />
PhD fellowships, as well as grants for the procurement of<br />
equipment, the editing of monographs or for organizing<br />
scientific conferences.<br />
The rest is allocated through other funding modes, such as<br />
block grants to the administration, research facilities or to<br />
subordinated agencies of the Academy of Sciences and to<br />
pay for infrastructure. In recent years, there has been a trend<br />
towards increasing the share of institutional funding at the<br />
expense of the other funding instruments.<br />
n Updating research equipment and the country’s technical<br />
base;<br />
n Designing targeted incentive schemes to encourage<br />
the young to embark on a research career, including<br />
stipends, grants and awards for young scientists,<br />
programmes for training abroad and so on;<br />
n Greater participation in the European Research Area<br />
and other international networks;<br />
n Accelerating technology transfer and encouraging<br />
partnerships between research institutions and the<br />
business enterprise sector.<br />
Only the state programmes for R&D have a thematic focus<br />
(Figure 12.7). The procedure for funding policy instruments,<br />
evaluation, monitoring and reporting is identical for<br />
each thematic priority. The topics tend to be broad and<br />
government funding modest. Moreover, programme-based<br />
R&D financing has dropped by two-thirds in the past five<br />
years to an insignificant € 0.35 million in 2012.<br />
Next steps for Moldova<br />
Since the 2004 Law on Science and Innovation, the<br />
combination of reforms and closer ties with the EU in research<br />
and innovation have helped to prop up the national science<br />
system but have not been enough to stop its decline. A recent<br />
paper by a consultant to the Academy of Sciences recommends<br />
prioritizing the following reforms (Dumitrashko, 2014):<br />
TURKEY<br />
Ambitious development targets to 2023<br />
In the past decade, Turkey has experienced<br />
an economic boom that was only briefly curtailed by<br />
the global financial crisis. This has carried GDP per capita<br />
from one-third (32%) that of high-income economies<br />
in 2003 to almost half (47%) in 2013, according to the<br />
World Bank’s World Development Indicators, and reduced<br />
economic inequalities (OECD, 2014, Box 12.1.) Growth has<br />
been driven by the emergence of new, first-generation<br />
enterprises in previously non-industrial, low-income<br />
parts of the country and accompanied by an expanding<br />
employment rate (OECD, 2012, Figure 2.2).<br />
Figure 12.7: Budget breakdown of Moldova’s state programmes for R&D, by thematic priority, 2012 (%)<br />
Biomedicine, pharmaceuticals<br />
and human health<br />
16.7<br />
Eicient utilization of human,<br />
natural and information resources<br />
for sustainable development<br />
28.1<br />
Agricultural biotechnology,<br />
soil fertility and food<br />
security<br />
26.9<br />
2012<br />
Consolidation of the rule of<br />
law and utilization of cultural<br />
heritage in the perspective of<br />
European integration<br />
Nanotechnology, industrial<br />
engineering, new materials and products<br />
13.0<br />
2.5<br />
12.8<br />
Eicient growth of the energy<br />
sector, energy security, including<br />
renewable resources<br />
Source: Cuciureanu (2014)<br />
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