UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

UNESCO Figure 7.7: SCIENCE Trends in REPORT GERD in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2006–2014 (%)
Few Latin American countries have seen a consistent rise in their R&D intensity over the past decade
GERD as a share of GDP, 2006–2014 (%)
1.2
Brazil 1.15
1.0
0.8
0.98
1.15%
Only Brazil comes close to the R&D intensity typical
of upper middle-income economies (1.37%)
0.53%
In 2014, Mexico had an R&D intensity typical of a
lower middle-income economy (0.51%)
0.6
Argentina 0.60
Mexico 0.53
0.4
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.37
0.35
0.28
0.32
Costa Rica 0.47
Cuba 0.41
Ecuador 0.34
Chile 0.39
Uruguay 0.24
Colombia 0.23
0.2
0.0
0.17
Panama 0.18
0.14
Paraguay 0.09
0.08
0.04
0.06
Guatemala 0.04
El Salvador 0.03
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Note: Data are unavailable for Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru and Veneuzela. Data are only available for Bolivia for 2009 (0.15%).
Agricultural sciences account for two-thirds of Paraguay’s R&D expenditure
GERD by field of science, 2012 (%)
Argentina
22.8 35.2 9.9 12.5 13.3 5.7 0.7
Chile
19.3 35.7 10.5 15.3 14.4 4.7
Colombia
16.2
16.6
11.3 14.5 11.6 3.1 26.7
Costa Rica (2011)
14.4
16.2
5.1
13.2
9.6
1.2 40.4
Ecuador (2011)
13.8
10.5
1.5
9.4
5.8
1.0
58.1
El Salvador
6.3
38.1 11.3 4.1 32.8 7.5
Guatemala
11.7
6.3
33.8 26.2 18.1 3.8
Paraguay
5.8
7.9
12.4 66.0 6.0 1.4 0.5
Uruguay
17.3 29.7 14.7 23.4 8.0 6.1 0.8
Natural sciences Engineering & technology Medical & health sciences Agricultural sciences Social sciences Humanities Unassigned
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