UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT

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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Table 1.4: World shares of scientific publications, 2008 and 2014 Total publications Change (%) 2008– 2014 World share of publications (%) Publications per million inhabitants Publications with international co-authors (%) 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014 World 1 029 471 1 270 425 23.4 100.0 100.0 153 176 20.9 24.9 High-income economies 812 863 908 960 11.8 79.0 71.5 653 707 26.0 33.8 Upper middle-income economies 212 814 413 779 94.4 20.7 32.6 91 168 28.0 28.4 Lower middle-income economies 58 843 86 139 46.4 5.7 6.8 25 33 29.2 37.6 Low-income economies 4 574 7 660 67.5 0.4 0.6 6 9 80.1 85.8 Americas 369 414 417 372 13.0 35.9 32.9 403 428 29.7 38.2 North America 325 942 362 806 11.3 31.7 28.6 959 1 013 30.5 39.6 Latin America 50 182 65 239 30.0 4.9 5.1 93 112 34.5 41.1 Caribbean 1 289 1 375 6.7 0.1 0.1 36 36 64.6 82.4 Europe 438 450 498 817 13.8 42.6 39.3 542 609 34.8 42.1 European Union 379 154 432 195 14.0 36.8 34.0 754 847 37.7 45.5 Southeast Europe 3 314 5 505 66.1 0.3 0.4 170 287 37.7 43.3 European Free Trade Association 26 958 35 559 31.9 2.6 2.8 2 110 2 611 62.5 70.1 Other Europe 51 485 57 208 11.1 5.0 4.5 188 207 27.2 30.3 Africa 20 786 33 282 60.1 2.0 2.6 21 29 52.3 64.6 Sub-Saharan Africa 11 933 18 014 51.0 1.2 1.4 15 20 57.4 68.7 Arab States in Africa 8 956 15 579 74.0 0.9 1.2 46 72 46.0 60.5 Asia 292 230 501 798 71.7 28.4 39.5 73 118 23.7 26.1 Central Asia 744 1 249 67.9 0.1 0.1 12 18 64.0 71.3 Arab States in Asia 5 842 17 461 198.9 0.6 1.4 46 118 50.3 76.8 West Asia 22 981 37 946 65.1 2.2 3.0 239 368 33.0 33.3 South Asia 41 646 62 468 50.0 4.0 4.9 27 37 21.2 27.8 Southeast Asia 224 875 395 897 76.1 21.8 31.2 105 178 23.7 25.2 Oceania 35 882 52 782 47.1 3.5 4.2 1 036 1 389 46.8 55.7 Other groupings Least developed countries 4 191 7 447 77.7 0.4 0.6 5 8 79.7 86.8 Arab States all 14 288 29 944 109.6 1.4 2.4 44 82 45.8 65.9 OECD 801 151 899 810 12.3 77.8 70.8 654 707 25.8 33.3 G20 949 949 1 189 605 25.2 92.3 93.6 215 256 22.4 26.2 Selected countries Argentina 6 406 7 885 23.1 0.6 0.6 161 189 44.9 49.3 Brazil 28 244 37 228 31.8 2.7 2.9 147 184 25.6 33.5 Canada 46 829 54 631 16.7 4.5 4.3 1 403 1 538 46.6 54.5 China 102 368 256 834 150.9 9.9 20.2 76 184 23.4 23.6 Egypt 4 147 8 428 103.2 0.4 0.7 55 101 38.0 60.1 France 59 304 65 086 9.7 5.8 5.1 948 1 007 49.3 59.1 Germany 79 402 91 631 15.4 7.7 7.2 952 1 109 48.6 56.1 India 37 228 53 733 44.3 3.6 4.2 32 42 18.5 23.3 Iran 11 244 25 588 127.6 1.1 2.0 155 326 20.5 23.5 Israel 10 576 11 196 5.9 1.0 0.9 1 488 1 431 44.6 53.1 Japan 76 244 73 128 -4.1 7.4 5.8 599 576 24.5 29.8 Malaysia 2 852 9 998 250.6 0.3 0.8 104 331 42.3 51.6 Mexico 8 559 11 147 30.2 0.8 0.9 74 90 44.7 45.9 Republic of Korea 33 431 50 258 50.3 3.2 4.0 698 1 015 26.6 28.8 Russian Federation 27 418 29 099 6.1 2.7 2.3 191 204 32.5 35.7 South Africa 5 611 9 309 65.9 0.5 0.7 112 175 51.9 60.5 Turkey 18 493 23 596 27.6 1.8 1.9 263 311 16.3 21.6 United Kingdom 77 116 87 948 14.0 7.5 6.9 1 257 1 385 50.4 62.0 United States of America 289 769 321 846 11.1 28.1 25.3 945 998 30.5 39.6 Note: The sum of the numbers for the various regions exceeds the total number because papers with multiple authors from different regions contribute fully to each of these regions. Source: Data from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science Science Citation Index Expanded compiled for UNESCO by Science-Metrix, May 2015 36
Figure 1.5: Trends in scientific publications A world in search worldwide, of an 2008 effective and 2014 growth strategy 13.8% Growth in publications with authors from Europe between 2008 and 2014, the region with the greatest share of publications: 39.3% Scientific specialization in large advanced economies France tops G7 counties for its specialization in mathematics G7 countries diverge the most in their specialization in psychology and social sciences 60.1% Growth in publications with authors from Africa between 2008 and 2014 Psychology Physics Other life sciences Social sciences 109.6% Growth in publications with authors from Arab states between 2008 and 2014 Agricultural sciences 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 Astronomy Biological sciences Chemistry Computer sciences Chapter 1 USA UK Germany France Canada Japan Medical sciences Mathematics Geosciences Engineering USA UK Canada Psychology Physics Social sciences Agricultural sciences 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 Astronomy Biological sciences Chemistry Scientific specialization in large emerging economies The Russian Federation tops large emerging economies in geosciences, physics and mathematics but trails them in life sciences The Republic of Korea, China and India dominate engineering and chemistry Other life sciences Computer sciences Brazil specializes in agricultural sciences, South Africa in astronomy Medical sciences Mathematics Geosciences Engineering China India Brazil Korea, Rep. Russian Fed. South Africa Scientific specialization in other emerging national and regional economies Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have a similar concentration in agriculture and geosciences The Arab States focus most on mathematics and least on psychology Psychology Physics Social sciences Agricultural sciences 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 Astronomy Biological sciences Chemistry Turkey Arab States Malaysia Latin America (minus Brazil) Mexico Sub-Saharan Africa (minus S. Africa) Source: UNU-MERIT, based on the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters); data treatment by Science–Metrix Other life sciences Medical sciences Mathematics Geosciences Computer sciences Engineering 37
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Towards 2030
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Published in 2015 by the United Nat
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Report team Director of the Publica
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UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT A closer look
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Science powers commerce - but not o
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The future looks brighter for busin
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168 Source: Thomson Reuters Web of
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Bahamas UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Beliz
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Figure 7.4: Trends in higher educat
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Figure 7.8 (continued) Life science
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Figure 9.11 (continued) All EU memb
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Figure 13.1: Trends in GERD 1.29% 1
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNESCO Figure 14
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