Danon Dr Jakov - Jadovno 1941.

oth written and oral traditions of Torra. The expresssive reign of monotheism of the central
force of spiritual and material life of the Jews had never been questionable. Yet, in the war
conditions the leader of Pharisees Johanan ben Zakaj put himself on the side of Rome and,
he formed rabbi Pharisees school, and, by the will of God, in Jamnija, there were created the
conditions for survival of judaism generally. Later on, by the founding of sanhedrina with the
Roman acknowledgement of the institution of duke (heb-nasia) as the representative of Jews
in power , and by the coming of rabbi Gamlila II on that position, a crucial renovation
appeared. It was introduced a detailed plan and shedule of dayly and holiday rituals, without
the middle Temple, without making of sacrifice, without obligatory coming in the place of
worship. Seder dinner with the religious character was introduced instead of Pashval making
of sacrifice and ritual eating of the lambs. In history, the original tradition calls them sages
(heb-haham) and they were coming from all social layers, and they dealt with the science in
their free time and without material background. Their sayings, in the sense of ethical
principles and legal regulations, were transmitted from generation to generation by the oral
Torra, and were learned by repeating. The live word of oral tradition was more appreciated. It
was being adapted easily to a newly created life, mostly learnt by heart and transmitted so
truthfully and zeliously that simply directed on primordial connection with Jehova. Finally it
was not subject to somebody else's supervision and censorship. The Pharisees, across
sanhedrina, forbade the writing of oral tradition for a short time, because, nevertheless they
came to cognition after the bloody exiles by Rome, so that, in Israel, it was better to pass over
the word than to forget the science. Known as tanaits (religious teachers), they were trying
through 6 generations, from 10 to 220 A.D., to adapt the old biblical regulations of Torra with
the changeable living conditions under the foreign authority.
The studying and teaching of all both older and younger generations of the Jews by the
most trustworthy historian of Rome, Joseph Flavius, developed so much that, in the work on
significance of reading of Torra in the history of fathers, it says: "If somebody would ask one
of us something concerned with the law of Torra, we would answer them easily than if they
asked us about our names." Under the leadership of Akibe Ben Josifa (50–132),
contemporary of Zakaja and Gamlila, it came to the introducing of additional methods of
Halaha and Hagade, with which Mišna rišona systematized one legal codex Mišna ahrona
by further codification of those regulations, (H)alahs', by the six th generation of thane, rabbi
Jehude (h)a Nasija (150–220). In the II century, it appeared – Mišna, the written text of oral
tradition of Torra.
But, as the Roman czar Hadrijan (117–138) ordered the restauration of Jerusalem
under the name of Elija Kapitolina, and, on the place of demolished Temple he put the pagan
element, statue of Jupiter Kapitoljski, with the permanent slave's regime. Six years later it
contributed to wakening of the spirit of people of Zealot on the rebellion against Rome (132–
135), under the leadership of Šimon Bar Kohba (the son of a star), whose name coincides
with the prophecy about the star which will beat the enemies of Jews. Tanaits from Jevnei,
with the rabbi Akib at the head, joined to the created army of half million of people. Because
this rebellion, practically, had national-liberal character.
The achieved victory was of a short duration because czar Hadrijan engaged the great
forces with Julius Server at the head, who, at the the beginning of 136, after several years of
fighting, broke the resistence of the people conquering Betar, the last fortress of the rebels,
where the Son of the star ended up his life. It's unknown how Bar-Kohba died, if he was killed
or, according to the legend, committed suicide. Literally, the Romans crushed the rebellion in
blood, burned many villages and towns, and partially sold the rebels as the slaves. Knowing
how much the spiritual life of the Jewish people and the unique religious practice had
significance for the survival, a great many numbers of tanaits was simply killed or burned on
the stake so that the seed of ideological survival of the nation would be destroyed. There was
no more Judea, the country was called Syria Palestina, and Jerusalem Elia Capitolina. The
exiles and difficult poverty was lasting till the end of czar Hadrijan reign (138), when it,
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